rdship's lists excluded the commissary
and hospital departments, also the army works and land-transport corps.
Besides, his computations only begin with the encounter of the Bulganak,
previous to which the sufferings of the soldiers in landing at Old Fort
were so great, that on the short march to the bivouac of the Bulganak
many men dropped out from cholera, dysentery, thirst, or weakness, who
never rejoined their corps; and some of whom, it is to be feared, from
the want of transport and ambulances, perished unaided where they fell.
Forty thousand would be nearer the total loss than 23,000."

Small as was the part taken by the navy of France in the war, her losses
were great. The _Moniteur de la Flotte_ published the returns of
the casualties experienced by the French imperial navy during the
expeditions to the Crimea, the Baltic, and Petropaulovski, in 1854,
1855, and 1856. The ships' crews lost 11 officers and 144 seamen killed
by the enemy's fire, and 39 officers and 3,237 men who died of their
wounds or from sickness--in all 50 officers and 3,381 men; the naval
artillery corps had 2 officers and 31 non-commissioned officers and
soldiers killed, and 3 officers and 231 non-commissioned officers who
died of their wounds or from sickness--in all 5 officers and 262 men,
and the marine infantry, 9 officers and 73 non-commissioned officers and
men killed, and 12 officers and 1,057 non-commissioned officers and men
who died of their wounds or from sickness--in all 21 officers and 1,130
men. Total--270 killed and 4,579 dead; in all 4,819. According to
Marshal Vaillant, the French minister of war, France sent to the east
309,628 men, 41,974 horses, and 597,686 tons of stores; and brought back
227,125 men, 9.000 horses, and 126,880 tons of stores.

The result of the negotiations brought about by the chief German powers,
and ardently desired by France, was a treaty of peace on the 30th of
March, 1856. It was ratified on the 27th of April. Six months was fixed
for the evacuation of Russian territories by the allies. The French army
commenced its embarkation more than a fortnight before the ratification,
as a sort of overt proof of the good will of the French emperor to his
new ally and recent enemy. In less than three months, on the 5th of
July, the whole of the French army had abandoned the soil of Russia,
On the 8th of August the last French soldier left Constantinople on
the homeward voyage. The British army was more easily