into Switzerland, driving the French, under Massena,
before them. In the meantime another Austrian army, commanded by General
Melas, poured through the Tyrol, driving all the French outposts before
him, and entered Upper Italy, where he obliged the French general,
Scherer, to retire beyond the Mincio. Moreau subsequently took the
command of Scherer's forces; but he was likewise defeated by Melas. It
was while Melas was giving chase to Moreau that Suvaroff came up with
50,000 Russians, and assumed the chief command of both armies. A great
battle was gained by Suvaroff at Cassano, on the 27th of April, and by
that victory the fate of the Cisalpine republic was sealed; everywhere
the people rose in arms against the French; and the native democrats
whom the French had set up as a government, Brescia and Peschiera,
surrendered; Mantua was invested; and Suvaroff entered Milan in triumph.
Moreau continued his retreat towards Genoa, hoping to be joined there
by the army of Macdonald from Naples. But Macdonald was already on
his route to meet the Russo-Austrian army, which he found by the river
Trebia. In his route he had been joined by General Victor; but after
three days' hard fighting on the banks of the Trebia, he was defeated
by Suvaroff; and flying thence towards the pass of Bochetta, he joined
Moreau, who had recently received some re-enforcements from Nice and
Genoa. Moreau had made some entrenchments on the declivities of the Apeu
nines, and in the entrance of the Bochetta pass, behind the Piedmontese
town of Novi. While here he was superseded in command by Jourdan, who
stationed himself on the same heights behind Novi, and improved and
extended his field-works. He was attacked in this formidable position
by Suvaroff; and his army was defeated and himself slain. Shortly
after this victory Suvaroff struck across the Alps to make head against
Massena, who had recently defeated a Russian corps under General
Korsakoff, who had arrived in Switzerland to co-operate with General
Bellegarde and the Austrians. There was some fearful fighting in the
ravines of St. Gothard, and Suvaroff opened a way into the heart of
Switzerland; but not being assisted by either the Russian general,
Korsakoff, or the Austrian general, Bellegarde, he turned aside towards
the lake of Constance and Germany. He was interrupted in his march
by Massena; but he attained his object, and effected a junction with
Korsakoff; and then the two Russian generals