d to him advantageously, both for
the safety and honour of this country, as well as the independence of
Europe. His majesty also adverted with satisfaction to the restored
tranquillity of Ireland and its future security, intimating that it
could only be insured by a complete union with Great Britain.

{GEORGE III. 1798-1801}

CAMPAIGN IN ITALY.

Before the subsidiary treaty was signed between England and the Emperor
Paul, the court of Vienna had formed a close alliance with the czar; and
Russian troops had begun to assemble on the frontiers of Austria, while
a large German army was collecting between the rivers Inn and Lech. The
great object proposed was to drive the French out of Italy, where their
arms were still making great progress. In November of the last year the
liberation of the states of Italy was undertaken by the King of Naples,
who placed General Mack at the head of his forces. Mack succeeded in
making himself master of Rome; while 5000 troops, conveyed by British
ships, took possession of Leghorn. But this success was of short
duration. In the month of December the Neapolitan troops suffered a
signal defeat at Civita Castellana; and this disaster was followed
by the evacuation of Rome. Nor did the French successes stop here.
Following up their victory, under General Champiounet, by the middle of
January they obtained possession of Naples; and the King of Sardinia was
obliged to take refuge on board the British fleet. He afterwards went
to Palermo under British protection, resigning all his continental
territories to his conquerors, who also soon occupied all Tuscany;
Sicily was preserved from their domination by the energy of Nelson,
assisted by Sir Charles Stuart, who hastened from Minorca with 1000
troops, in order to assist him in measures for its defence.

While Naples was thus falling a prey to the French, Austrian and Russian
troops were collecting on the other side of the Alps. After demanding
from the Emperor of Germany the dismissal of all the Russian troops,
the French negociators declared the congress at Radstadt dissolved. War,
therefore, commenced anew with Austria; and Jourdan once more crossed
the Rhine, and established himself in Suabia. In the month of March
he advanced towards the Danube; but he was again met by the Archduke
Charles, who drove him back over the Rhine. About the same time, also,
the Austrian generals, Bellegarde and Hotze, recovered the Grison
country, and poured