th of July preliminaries of peace, on the basis
of that of Campo Formio, were signed at Paris. The world now expected
peace. The emperor, however, having received his subsidy from England,
and concluded a new treaty with that power, again unsheathed his sword.
He declared the truce at an end; and both sides prepared again for the
strife. The emperor putting himself at the head of his army, endeavoured
to rouse the whole force of Germany; but the north was kept inactive
by the neutrality of Prussia, and other princes were overawed by the
invaders. Another armistice was purchased by him for the short space of
forty-five days, by the delivery of Philipsburg, Ulm, and Ingoldstadt;
and when this period expired, late as the season was, both parties took
the field. The contest was soon decided. On the 2nd of December a battle
was fought at Hohenlinden, between the rivers Iser and Inn, in which the
Austrians, under Archduke John, were utterly defeated. Moreau advancing
occupied Saltzburg; and the road to Vienna was not only open to his
army, but also to the armies of Brune and Macdonald. In this emergency
the Emperor Francis was compelled to sue for a separate peace, and
the British government obliged to release him from the terms of his
alliance. A treaty was signed in the ensuing February, which ratified
all the conditions of the treaty of Campo Formio, and included several
new articles of an humiliating nature to the house of Austria. Tuscany
was taken away from the Grand Duke Ferdinand and bestowed upon Louis,
son of the Duke of Parma; and the emperor again acknowledged the
independence of the Cisalpine and Ligurian republics, renouncing all
right or pretension to any of those Italian territories, A new and
extended frontier also was drawn for the Cisalpines, the line of the
Adige being taken from where that river issues from the Tyrol down to
its mouth on the Adriatic. Piedmont was for the present left to the King
of Sardinia; and shortly after this monarch, through the mediation of
the Czar Paul, obtained a peace, agreeing on his part to close his ports
against the English, withdraw some troops sent into the Roman states,
and to give up the principality of Piombino, with some other detached
territories on the Tuscan coast. Through the same mediation Italy was
treated by Napoleon with leniency; and Pope Pius VII., recently elected
to the Pontificate, was allowed to retain the reins of government.

CAPTURE OF MALTA.