y and literature for sixteen years
before his elevation to the Archbishopric.

DR. GRAEFE, one of the most eminent veterans of European philology, died
suddenly at St Petersburg on November 30th. He was born at Chemnitz, in
Saxony, in July, 1780, but went to Russia in 1810, to assume the
professorship of Greek at the Academy of St. Petersburg.

The Russian General, Kiel, has died in Paris. He was employed by the
Emperor Nicholas in directing works of art in the Russian empire.

HERR MEINHOLD, author of the _Amber Witch_, died in Germany in December.

J. W. M. TURNER, the greatest of English artists, and the hero of Mr.
Ruskin's brilliant book entitled _The Modern Painters_, died in London on
the 20th of December, at the age of 77. He had always a reluctance to have
his portrait taken, but the engraving accompanying this article--from a
sketch made without his knowledge--is said, by the _Illustrated London
News_ to be remarkably like him. It is understood that by his will he has
left a million dollars (L200,000) for the purpose of founding an
institution for the relief of of decayed artists, and has given it also
the chief part of his pictures, to adorn the building which is to be
occupied by it. The _Times_ says, "although it would be out of place to
revive the discussions occasioned by the peculiarities of Mr. Turner's
style in his later years, he has left behind him sufficient proofs of the
variety and fertility of his genius to establish an undoubted claim to a
prominent rank among the painters of England. His life had been extended
to the verge of human existence; for although he was fond of throwing a
mystery over his precise age, we believe that he was born in Maiden-lane,
Covent-garden, in the year 1775, and was, consequently, in his 76th or
77th year. Of humble origin (he was the son of a barber), he enjoyed the
advantages of an accurate rather than a liberal education. His first
studies, some of which are still in existence, were in architectural
design; and few of those who have been astonished or enchanted by the
profusion and caprice of form and color in his mature pictures, would have
guessed the minute and scientific precision with which he had cultivated
the arts of linear drawing and perspective. His early manhood was spent
partly on the coast, where he imbibed his inexhaustible attachment for
marine scenery and his acquaintance with the wild and varied aspect of the
oce