:

Comrades, in the name of millions of workers, peasants, and
soldiers, we tell you, "Do not do that which you are called upon
to do." At this dangerous moment you are called out into the
streets to demand the overthrow of the Provisional Government, to
whom the All-Russian Congress has just found it necessary to give
its support. And those who are calling you cannot but know that
out of your peaceful demonstrations bloodshed and chaos may
result.... You are being called to a demonstration in favor of the
Revolution, _but we know that counter-revolutionists want to take
advantage of your demonstration ... the counter-revolutionists are
eagerly awaiting the moment when strife will develop in the ranks
of the Revolutionary Democracy and enable them to crush the
Revolution_.

X

Not only in this way were the Bolsheviki recklessly attempting to thwart
the efforts of the Socialist Ministers to carry out the mandates of the
majority of the working class of Russia, but they were equally active in
trying to secure the failure of the attempt to restore the army. All
through June the Bolshevik papers denounced the military offensive. In the
ranks of the army itself a persistent campaign against further fighting was
carried on. The Duma had voted, on June 17th, for an immediate offensive,
and it was approved by the Petrograd Soviet. The Provisional Government on
that date published a Note to the Allied governments, requesting a
conference with a view to making a restatement of their war aims. These
actions were approved by the All-Russian Congress of Workmen's and
Soldiers' Delegates, as was also the expulsion from Russia of the Swiss
Socialist, Robert Grimm, who was a notorious agent of the German
Government. Grimm, as is now well known, was acting under the orders of
Hoffman, the Swiss Minister of Foreign Affairs, and was trying to bring
about a separate peace between Russia and Germany. He was also intimately
connected with the infamous "Parvus," the trusted Social Democrat who was a
spy and tool of the German Government. As always, the great majority of the
representatives of the actual working class of Russia took the sane
course.

But the Bolsheviki were meanwhile holding mass meetings among the troops,
preaching defeatism and surrender and urging the soldiers not to obey the
orders of "bourgeois" officers. The Provisional Government was not blind to
the peril of th