mrade-soldiers in the rear: Comrades! Come to fill up
our thinning ranks in the trenches and rise shoulder to shoulder
with us for the country's defense!

2. Comrade-workers! Work energetically and unite your efforts, and
in this way help us in our last fight for universal peace for
nations! By strengthening the front you will strengthen freedom!

3. Fellow-citizens of the capitalist class! Follow the historic
example of Minin! Even as he, open your treasuries and quickly
bring your money to the aid of Russia!

4. To the peasants: Fathers and Brothers! Bring your last mite to
help the weakening front! Give us bread, and oats and hay to our
horses. Remember that the future Russia will be yours!

5. Comrades-Intellectuals! Come to us and bring the light of
knowledge into our dark trenches! Share with us the difficult work
of advancing Russia's freedom and prepare us for the citizenship
of new Russia!

6. To the Russian women: Support your husbands and sons in the
performing of their civil duty to the country! Replace them where
this is not beyond your strength! Let your scorn drive away all
those who are slackers in these difficult times!

No one can read this declaration without a deep sense of the lofty and
sincere citizenship of the brave men who adopted it as their expression.
The fundamental loyalty of these leaders of the common soldiers, their
spokesmen and delegates, is beyond question. Pardonably weary of a war in
which they had been more shamefully betrayed and neglected than any other
army in modern times, frankly suspicious of capitalist governments which
had made covenants with the hated Romanov dynasty, they were still far from
being ready to follow the leadership of Bolsheviki. They had, instead,
adopted the sanely constructive policy of Tchcheidze, Tseretelli, Skobelev,
Plechanov, and other Socialists who from the first had seen the great
struggle in its true perspective. That they did not succeed in averting
disaster is due in part to the fact that the Revolution itself had come too
late to make military success possible, and in part to the failure of the
governments allied with Russia to render intelligent aid.

VII

The Provisional Government was reorganized. Before we consider the actions
of the All-Russian Congress of Peasants' Delegates, one of the most
important gatherings of representatives of Russian workers ever