is
given separately, but that in =-ndo= and the past participle are not
given apart from their verbs if the verbs occur. Neither is the
substantivized past participle, even such as =pecado=; but not so words
which merely coincide with the participle in form, as =estado=. Words
which take the accent mark merely to indicate interrogative or
exclamatory use are given under the unaccented form, and the existence
of an accented form is not mentioned if the English equivalent remains
the same. Irregular forms of verbs in Chapters I-III are separately
given so far as they affect the finding of the word; usually a group of
forms that begin alike is represented by one of its simplest
members--thus, in looking for =puso= or =pusiese= take '=puse= _see_
=poner=' as guide. A statement of reflexive use is given under =se=, and
a verb is not separately defined as reflexive if its reflexive meaning
is derivable from the non-reflexive by applying what is found under
=se=. A participle which has reflexive force without the reflexive
pronoun is in general especially defined, but the student will do well
to keep in mind the principle that any past participle may be a
reflexive without the pronoun.

The effort has been made to list each defined phrase under the word that
the student was surest to look up, either the most unfamiliar word or
the one which he would identify as not having here its familiar sense.
When the word which has here an unusual sense (or whose regular English
equivalent is not used in translating this phrase) is one which will not
be looked up, such as a familiar preposition, its special definition for
this occasion is appended in parentheses to the appropriate definition
of the other word, which definition it precedes or follows according to
the order of the Spanish phrase: thus, under =acabar=, 'end (=por=
with)' means '=acabar= end; =acabar por= end with'; under =adelante=,
'(=mas= further) on' means '=adelante= on; =mas adelante= further on.'
Parentheses in a Spanish phrase inclose words which can be added without
affecting the translation except as indicated by parenthesized English
words. Other parenthesized words are generally meant as mere
explanations, but can sometimes be advantageously taken as supplements
to be optionally added to the definition.

The special definition of a phrase does not mean that the words which
make up that phrase may not be found together also with their ordinary
meanings. Thus, '=t