seen to dissuade his
Holiness from the same; but he desired him to remember what he showed to
his Holiness when he was with the same, at what time his Holiness offered
himself for the commonwealth to go to any place to speak with the French
king.--Bennet to Henry VIII.; _State Papers_, vol. vii. p. 464.

[414] The estrapade was an infernal machine introduced by Francis into
Paris for the better correction of heresy. The offender was slung by a
chain over a fire, and by means of a crane was dipped up and down into the
flame, the torture being thus prolonged for an indefinite time. Francis was
occasionally present in person at these exhibitions, the executioner
waiting his arrival before commencing the spectacle.

[415] 24 Hen. VIII. cap. 13.

[416] 24 Hen. VIII. cap. 12

[417] _State Papers_, vol. vii. p. 441.

[418] D'Inteville to Francis the First: MS. Bibliotheque Imperial,
Paris--_Pilgrim_, p. 92.

[419] 24 Hen. VIII. cap. 12.

[420] He had been selected as Warham's successor; and had been consecrated
on the 30th of March, 1533. On the occasion of the ceremony when the usual
oath to the Pope was presented to him, he took it with a declaration that
his first duty and first obedience was to the crown and laws of his own
country. It is idle trifling, to build up, as too many writers have
attempted to do, a charge of insincerity upon an action which was forced
upon him by the existing relation between England and Rome. The Act of
Appeals was the law of the land. The separation from communion with the
papacy was a contingency which there was still a hope might be avoided.
Such a protest as Cranmer made was therefore the easiest solution of the
difficulty. See it in STRYPE'S _Cranmer_, Appendix, p. 683.

[421] BURNET, Vol. iii. pp. 122-3

[422] Bennet to Henry VIII.: _State Papers_, vol. vii. p. 402. Sir Gregory
Cassalis to the same: _Rolls House MS._

[423] BURNET, vol. iii. p. 123.

[424] Ibid. vol. i. p. 210.

[425] See _State Papers_, vol. i. pp. 415, 420, etc.

[426] BURNET'S _Collectanea_, p. 22. It is very singular that in the
original Bull of Julius, the expression is "forsan consummavissetis;" while
in the brief, which, if it was genuine, was written the same day, and
which, if forged, was forged by Catherine's friends, there is no forsan.
The fact is stated absolutely.

[427] LORD HERBERT, p. 163. BURNET. vol. iii. p. 123.

[428] _State Papers_, vol. i. pp. 390. 391.

[429] Ye therefore duly r