applicable. It ought to be evident that principles which answer
admirably when a manufacturing system capable of indefinite expansion
multiplies employment at home--when the soil of England is but a fraction
of its empire, and the sea is a highway to emigration--would have produced
far different effects, in a condition of things which habit had petrified
into form, when manufactures could not provide work for one additional
hand, when the first colony was yet unthought of, and where those who were
thrown out of the occupation to which they had been bred could find no
other. The tenants evicted, the labourers thrown out of employ, when the
tillage lands were converted into pastures, had scarcely an alternative
offered them except to beg, to rob, or to starve.

[41] _Lansdowne MS._ No. I. fol. 26.

[42] GIUSTINIANI'S _Letters from the Court of Henry VIII_.

[43] Ibid.

[44] 22 Hen. VIII. cap. 18.

[45] Under Hen. VI. the household expenses were L23,000 a year--Cf.
_Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council_, vol. vi. p. 35. The
particulars of the expenses of the household of Hen. VIII. are in an MS. in
the Rolls House. They cover the entire outlay except the personal
expenditure of the king, and the sum total amounts to L14,365 10s. 7d. This
would leave above L5000 a year for the privy purse, not, perhaps,
sufficient to cover Henry's gambling extravagances in his early life.
Curious particulars of his excesses in this matter will be found in a
publication wrongly called _The Privy Purse Expenses of Henry the Eighth_.
It is a diary of general payments, as much for purposes of state as for the
king himself. The high play was confined for the most part to Christmas or
other times of festivity, when the statutes against unlawful games were
dispensed with for all classes.

[46] 18 Hen. VI. cap. 11.

[47] 4 Hen. VII. cap. 12.

[48] During the quarter sessions time they were allowed 4s. a day.--Ric.
II. xii. 10.

[49] The rudeness of the furniture in English country houses has been dwelt
upon with much emphasis by Hume and others. An authentic inventory of the
goods and chattels in a parsonage in Kent proves that there has been much
exaggeration in this matter. It is from an MS. in the Rolls House.

_The Inventory of the Goods and Catales of Richd. Master, Clerk, Parson of
Aldington, being in his Parsonage on the 20th Day of April, in the 25th
Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King Henry VIII._

_Plate