K. Gutzkow, _Bornes Leben_
(Hamburg, 1840), and M. Holzmann, _L. Borne, sein Leben und sein
Wirken_ (Berlin, 1888). _Bornes Briefe an Henriette Herz_ (1802-1807),
first published in 1861, have been re-edited by L. Geiger (Oldenburg,
1905), who has also published Borne's _Berliner Briefe_ (1828)
(Berlin, 1905). See also Heine's witty attack on Borne (_Werke_, ed.
Elster, vii.), G. Gervinus' essay in his _Historiche Schriften_
(Darmstadt, 1838), and the chapters in G. Brandes, _Hovedstromninger i
det 19 de Aarhundredes Litteratur_ vol. vi. (Copenhagen, 1890, German
trans. 1891; English trans. 1905), and in J. Proelss, _Das junge
Deutschland_ (Stuttgart, 1892).

BORNEO, a great island of the Malay Archipelago, extending from 7 deg.
N. to 4 deg. 20' S., and from 108 deg. 53' to 119 deg. 22' E. It is 830
m. long from N.E. to S.W., by 600 m. in maximum breadth. Its area
according to the calculations of the Topographical Bureau of Batavia
(1894) comprises 293,496 sq. m. These figures are admittedly
approximate, and Meyer, who is generally accurate, gives the area of
Borneo at 289,860 sq. m. It is roughly, however, five times as large as
England and Wales. Politically Borneo is divided into four portions: (1)
British North Borneo, the territory exploited and administered by the
Chartered British North Borneo Company, to which a separate section of
this article is devoted; (2) Brunei (q.v.), a Malayan sultanate under
British protection; (3) Sarawak (q.v.), the large territory ruled by
raja Brooke, and under British protection in so far as its foreign
relations are concerned; and (4) Dutch Borneo, which comprises the
remainder and by far the largest and most valuable portion of the
island.

_Physical Features_.--The general character of the country is
mountainous, though none of the ranges attains to any great elevation,
and Kinabalu, the highest peak in the island, which is situated near its
north-western extremity, is only 13,698 ft. above sea-level. There is no
proper nucleus of mountains whence chains ramify in different
directions. The central and west central parts of the island, however,
are occupied by three mountain chains and a plateau. These chains are:
(1) the folded chain of the upper Kapuas, which divides the western
division of Dutch Borneo from Sarawak, extends west to east, and attains
near the sources of the Kapuas river a height of 5000 to 6000 ft.; (2)
the Schwaner chain, south of t