guine expectations
were never realized, the company itself was successful, and performed a
very useful work under no easy circumstances. Its functions are
suspended during the uncertainty that always follows a change in the
ruling power of a state, until it is seen what steps are taken by the
Chinese, or this country, to perpetuate, under the Chinese sway, those
good feelings which first arose under Yakoob Beg. Many are sceptical of
the possibility of living on terms of good neighbourship with the
Chinese, and of carrying on an intercourse, which certainly does not
exist anywhere along the whole extent of the Anglo-Chinese frontier. But
these persons will scarcely admit that the Chinese are to blame in this
respect if we neglect the subject, for Russia by right of several
treaties, and by right also of diplomatic tact, has a commercial
_status_ in every northern mart of the Chinese Empire, from Ourga to
Urumtsi, Manas, Chuguchak, Kuldja and Kashgar. If the Chinese were
reinstalled in every one of their old possessions, yet Russia would have
a legal foothold in all those outlying dependencies. English commerce
must not by any means despair of success in opening up the interior of
China from the direction of India and Cashmere. In most cases, political
action generally follows upon commercial enterprise; but in our dealings
with the Chinese the order is reversed, and political overtures and
diplomatic arrangements must clear the way for the commerce that must
infallibly spring up between Hindostan and not only Tartary and Tibet,
but also the home provinces of Yunnan and Szchuen. The root of the
difficulty is no doubt to be found in the fact that the Mantchoo caste
is in many respects as much a race apart from the mass of Chinamen as
the Norman was in England during the twelfth century. The Mantchoo
mandarin believes that in some undefined manner the introduction of
European science and civilization into China would tend to lower his
influence and political power. But if we are wise, we shall ignore this
sentiment, and endeavour to reach the people through their legitimate
authorities, the Tartar conquering race of two centuries and a half ago,
and not by attempting to influence the rulers by a propagandist crusade
among the people, as some advise.

Some months after the return of Mr. Shaw to Leh, the Athalik Ghazi, who
had doubtless considered very attentively that gentleman's suggestion to
maintain a representative at La