speaks of the Sattvatam Tantram, which is apparently the
Sattvata-samhita. The work edited by Schrader is described as the
_Ahirbudhnya Samhita of the Pancaratra Agama._]

[Footnote 450: See for some notices of these works A. Avalon's various
publications about Tantra. Srinivasa Iyengar, _Outlines of Indian
Philosophy_, 118-191. Govindacarya Svami on the Vaishnava Samhitas,
_J.R.A.S._ 1911, pp. 935 ff. Schomerus, _Caiva-Siddhanta_, pp. 7 ff.
and Schrader's _Introduction to the Pancaratra_. Whereas these works
claim to be independent of the Veda, the Sectarian Upanishads (see
vol. I. p. 76) are an attempt to connect post-Vedic sects with the
Veda.]

[Footnote 451: Jnana, Yoga, Carya, Kriya. The same names are used of
Buddhist Tantras, except that Anuttara replaces Jnana.]

[Footnote 452: See Schrader, _Introd. to the Pancaratra_, p. 98. In
the Raghuvamsa, X. 27. Agamas are not only mentioned but said to be
extremely numerous. But in such passages it is hard to say whether
Agama means the books now so-called or merely tradition. Alberuni
seems not to have known of this literature and a Tantra for him is
merely a minor treatise on astronomy. He evidently regards the Vedas,
Puranas, philosophical Darsanas and Epics as constituting the
religious literature of India.]

[Footnote 453: Rajagopala Chariar (_Vaishnavite Reformers_, p. 4) says
that in Vishnu temples two rituals are used called Pancaratra and
Vaikhanasa. The latter is apparently consistent with Smarta usage
whereas the Pancaratra is not. From Gopinatha Rao's _Elements of Hindu
Iconography_, pp. 56, 77, 78 it appears that there is a Vaikhanasagama
parallel to the Pancaratragama. It is frequently quoted by this
author, though as yet unpublished. It seems to be the ritual of those
Bhagavatas who worship both Siva and Vishnu. It is said to exist in
two recensions, prose and metrical, of which the former is perhaps the
oldest of the Vaishnava Agamas. The Vaikhanasa ritual was once
followed at Srirangam but Ramanuja substituted the Pancaratra for it.]

[Footnote 454: Avalon, _Principles of Tantra_, p. xxvii describes it
as "that development of the Vaidika Karmakanda which under the name
of the Tantra Shastra is the scripture of the Kali age." This seems
to me a correct statement of the tantric theory.]

[Footnote 455: Thus the Gautamiya Tantra which is held in high
estimation by Vishnuite householders in Bengal, though not by
ascetics, is a complete application o