spies to mix with refugees who are moving about to and from their homes,
and it is difficult for our troops, who speak neither French nor German,
to detect them. The French have also found it necessary to search
villages and casual wayfarers on the roads and to search for carrier
pigeons.

Among the precautions taken by us against spying is the following notice
printed in French, posted up:

"Motor cars and bicycles other than those; carrying soldiers in
uniform may not circulate on the roads. Inhabitants may not leave
the localities in which they reside between 6 P.M. and 6 A.M.
Inhabitants may not quit their homes after 8 P.M. No person may on
any pretext pass through the British lines without an authorization
countersigned by a British officer."

Events have moved so quietly for the last two months that anything
connected with the mobilization of the British expeditionary force is
now ancient history. Nevertheless, the following extract from a German
order is evidence of the mystification of the army and a tribute to the
value of the secrecy which was so well and so loyally maintained in
England at the time:

"Tenth Reserve Army Corps Headquarters,

"Mont St. Guibert, Aug. 20, 1914.

"Corps Order, Aug. 20.

"The French troops in front of the Tenth Army Corps have retreated
south across the Sambre. Part of the Belgium army has been
withdrawn from Antwerp. It is reported that an English army has
disembarked at Calais and Boulogne, en route to Brussels."

IV.

*Fighting in the Air.*

[Made Public Sept. 29.]

Wednesday, Sept. 23, was a perfect Autumn day. It passed without
incident as regards major operations. Although the enemy concentrated
their heavy artillery upon the, plateau near Passy, nothing more than
inconvenience was caused.

The welcome absence of wind gave our airmen a chance of which they took
full advantage by gathering much information. Unfortunately, one of our
aviators, who had been particularly active in annoying the enemy by
dropping bombs, was wounded in a duel in the air.

Being alone on a single-seated monoplane, he was not able to use his
rifle, and while circling above a German two-seated machine in an
endeavor to get within pistol shot he was hit by the observer of the
German machine, who was armed with a rifle. He managed to fly back over
our lines, and by great good luck he descended close to a motor
a