the person remembering and the person to whom the thing that is
remembered happened. We cannot remember things that happened to
someone else, and in our absence. We can only remember having heard
of them. We have seen, however, that there is as much bona-fide
sameness of personality between parents and offspring up to the time
at which the offspring quits the parent's body, as there is between
the different states of the parent himself at any two consecutive
moments; the offspring therefore, being one and the same person with
its progenitors until it quits them, can be held to remember what
happened to them within, of course, the limitations to which all
memory is subject, as much as the progenitors can remember what
happened earlier to themselves. Whether it does so remember can
only be settled by observing whether it acts as living beings
commonly do when they are acting under guidance of memory. I will
endeavour to show that, though heredity and habit based on memory go
about in different dresses, yet if we catch them separately--for
they are never seen together--and strip them there is not a mole nor
strawberry-mark nor trick nor leer of the one, but we find it in the
other also.

What are the moles and strawberry-marks of habitual action, or
actions remembered and thus repeated? First, the more often we
repeat them the more easily and unconsciously we do them. Look at
reading, writing, walking, talking, playing the piano, etc.; the
longer we have practised any one of these acquired habits, the more
easily, automatically and unconsciously, we perform it. Look, on
the other hand, broadly, at the three points to which I called
attention in Life and Habit:--

I. That we are most conscious of and have most control over such
habits as speech, the upright position, the arts and sciences--which
are acquisitions peculiar to the human race, always acquired after
birth, and not common to ourselves and any ancestor who had not
become entirely human.

II. That we are less conscious of and have less control over eating
and drinking [provided the food be normal], swallowing, breathing,
seeing, and hearing--which were acquisitions of our prehuman
ancestry, and for which we had provided ourselves with all the
necessary apparatus before we saw light, but which are still,
geologically speaking, recent.

III. That we are most unconscious of and have least control over
our digestion and circulation--powers possessed ev