hree Lectures on the Science of Language, Longmans, 1889, p.
4.

{234} Science of Thought, Longmans, 1887, p. 9.

{245} Published in the Universal Review, April, May, and June,
1890.

{259a} Voyages of the "Adventure" and "Beagle," iii. p. 237.

{259b} Luck or Cunning, pp. 170, 180.

{260} Journals of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology,
vol. iii.), 1859, p. 62.

{261} Darwinism (Macmillan, 1889), p. 129.

{263} See Nature, March 6, 1890.

{265} Origin of Species, sixth edition, 1888, vol. i. p. 168.

{266} Origin of Species, sixth edition, 1888, vol. ii. p. 261.

{271} Mr. J. T. Cunningham, of the Marine Biological Laboratory,
Plymouth, has called my attention to the fact that I have ascribed
to Professor Ray Lankester a criticism on Mr. Wallace's remarks upon
the eyes of certain flat-fish, which Professor Ray Lankester was, in
reality, only adopting--with full acknowledgment--from Mr.
Cunningham. Mr. Cunningham has left it to me whether to correct my
omission publicly or not, but he would so plainly prefer my doing so
that I consider myself bound to insert this note. Curiously enough,
I find that in my book Evolution, Old and New I gave what Lamarck
actually said upon the eyes of flat-fish, and, having been led to
return to the subject, I may as well quote his words. He wrote:--

"Need--always occasioned by the circumstances in which an animal is
placed, and followed by sustained efforts at gratification--can not
only modify an organ--that is to say, augment or reduce it--but can
change its position when the case requires its removal.

"Ocean fishes have occasion to see what is on either side of them,
and have their eyes accordingly placed on either side of their head.
Some fishes, however, have their abode near coasts on submarine
banks and inclinations, and are thus forced to flatten themselves as
much as possible in order to get as near as they can to the shore.
In this situation they receive more light from above than from
below, and find it necessary to pay attention to whatever happens to
be above them; this need has involved the displacement of their
eyes, which now take the remarkable position which we observe in the
case of soles, turbots, plaice, etc. The transfer of position is
not even yet complete in the case of these fishes, and the eyes are
not, therefore, symmetrically placed; but they are so with the
skate, whose head and whole body are equally disposed on eith