,
copies of works, or phonorecords, knowing that copyright management
information has been removed or altered without authority of the
copyright owner or the law,

knowing, or, with respect to civil remedies under section 1203, having
reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or
conceal an infringement of any right under this title.

(c) Definition. As used in this section, the term "copyright management
information" means any of the following information conveyed in
connection with copies or phonorecords of a work or performances or
displays of a work, including in digital form, except that such term
does not include any personally identifying information about a user of
a work or of a copy, phonorecord, performance, or display of a work:

(1) The title and other information identifying the work, including the
information set forth on a notice of copyright.

(2) The name of, and other identifying information about, the author of
a work.

(3) The name of, and other identifying information about, the copyright
owner of the work, including the information set forth in a notice of
copyright.

(4) With the exception of public performances of works by radio and
television broadcast stations, the name of, and other identifying
information about, a performer whose performance is fixed in a work
other than an audiovisual work.

(5) With the exception of public performances of works by radio and
television broadcast stations, in the case of an audiovisual work, the
name of, and other identifying information about, a writer, performer,
or director who is credited in the audiovisual work.

(6) Terms and conditions for use of the work.

(7) Identifying numbers or symbols referring to such information or
links to such information.

(8) Such other information as the Register of Copyrights may prescribe
by regulation, except that the Register of Copyrights may not require
the provision of any information concerning the user of a copyrighted
work.

(d) Law Enforcement, Intelligence, and Other Government Activities. This
section does not prohibit any lawfully authorized investigative,
protective, information security, or intelligence activity of an
officer, agent, or employee of the United States, a State, or a
political subdivision of a State, or a person acting pursuant to a
contract with the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of
a State. For purposes of this subsection, the