142.--Types of colonies: a, Filamentous; b,
rhizoid; c, conglomerate; d, toruloid.]

(C) ~Surface Elevation.~--

1. _General Character of Surface as a Whole_:

Flat: Thin, leafy, spreading over the surface (Fig. 143, a).

Effused: Spread over the surface as a thin, veily layer, more delicate
than the preceding.

Raised: Growth thick, with abrupt terraced edges (Fig. 143, b).

Convex: Surface the segment of a circle, but very flatly convex (Fig.
143, c).

Pulvinate: Surface the segment of a circle, but decidedly convex (Fig.
143, d).

Capitate: Surface hemispherical (Fig. 143, e).

Umbilicate: Having a central pit or depression (Fig. 143, f).

Conical: Cone with rounded apex (Fig. 143, g).

Umbonate: Having a central convex nipple-like elevation (Fig. 143, h).

2. _Detailed Characters of Surface_:

Smooth: Surface even, without any of the following distinctive
characters.

Alveolate: Marked by depressions separated by thin walls so as to
resemble a honeycomb (Fig. 144).

Punctate: Dotted with punctures like pin-pricks.

Bullate: Like a blistered surface, rising in convex prominences, rather
coarse.

Vesicular: More or less covered with minute vesicles due to gas
formation; more minute than bullate.

[Illustration: FIG. 143.--Surface elevation of colonies: a, Flat; b,
raised; c, convex; d, pulvinate; e, capitate; f, umbilicate;
g, conical; h, umbonate.]

[Illustration: FIG. 144.--Types of colonies--alveolate.]

Verrucose: Wart-like, bearing wart-like prominences.

Squamose: Scaly, covered with scales.

Echinate: Beset with pointed prominences.

Papillate: Beset with nipple or mamma-like processes.

Rugose: Short irregular folds, due to shrinkage of surface growth.

Corrugated: In long folds, due to shrinkage.

Contoured: An irregular but smoothly undulating surface, resembling the
surface of a relief map.

Rimose: Abounding in chinks, clefts, or cracks.

(D) ~Internal Structure of Colony~ (_Microscopical_).--

Refraction Weak: Outline and surface of relief not strongly defined.

Refraction Strong: Outline and surface of relief strongly defined;
dense, not filamentous colonies.

[Illustration: FIG. 145.--Types of colonies: a, Grumose; b,
moruloid; c, clouded.]

1. _General_:

Amorphous: Without any definite structure, such as is specified below.

Hyaline: Clear and colourless.

Homogeneous: Structure uniform throughout all parts of the colony.

Homochromous: Colour uniform t