e several sorts differ greatly in
their periods of leafing and flowering; in my orchard the _Court Pendu
Plat_ produces its leaves so late, that during several springs I have
thought it dead. The Tiffin apple scarcely bears a leaf when in full
bloom; the Cornish crab, on the other hand, bears so many leaves at
this period that the flowers can hardly be seen.[702] In some kinds the
fruit ripens in midsummer; in others, late in the autumn. These several
differences in leafing, flowering, and fruiting, are not at all
necessarily correlated; for, as Andrew Knight has remarked,[703] no one
can judge from the early flowering of a new seedling, or from the early
shedding or change of colour of the leaves, whether it will mature its
fruit early in the season.

The varieties differ greatly in constitution. It is notorious that our
summers are not hot enough for the Newtown Pippin,[704] which is the
glory of the orchards near New York; and so it is with several
varieties which we have imported from the Continent. On the other hand,
our Court of Wick succeeds well under the severe climate of Canada. The
_Calville rouge de Micoud_ occasionally bears two crops during the same
year. The Burr Knot is covered with small excrescences, which emit
roots so readily that a branch with blossom-buds may be stuck in the
ground, and will root and bear a few fruit even during the first
year.[705] Mr. Rivers has recently described[706] some seedlings
valuable from their roots running near the surface. One of these
seedlings was remarkable from its extremely dwarfed size, "forming
itself into a bush only a few inches in height." Many varieties are
particularly liable to canker in certain soils. But perhaps the
strangest constitutional peculiarity is that the Winter Majetin is not
attacked by the mealy bug or coccus; Lindley[707] states that in an
orchard in Norfolk infested with these insects the Majetin was quite
free, though the stock on which it was grafted was affected: Knight
makes a similar statement with respect to a cider apple, and adds that
he only once saw these insects just above the stock, but that three
days afterwards they entirely disappeared; this apple, however, was
raised from a cross between {350} the Golden Harvey and the Siberian
Crab; and the latter, I believe, is considered by some authors as