ep out of the way when the men are about to celebrate their tribal
mysteries. It is death for women to witness these rites, and it is also
forbidden for them to look upon the sacred turndun, or bull-roarer. In
the same way, among the Greeks, it was forbidden for men to witness the
rites of the women, and for women to witness those of the men. Among the
Indians of Zuni, Mr. Cushing found the same implement used by the
priests to summon the tribe to the sacrificial feasts. In South Africa,
Mr. Tylor has proved that the bull-roarer is employed to call the men
only to the celebration of sacred functions, and the instrument itself
is described in Theal's Kaffir Folklore.
Now, the same peoples who still employ the bull-roarer as a sacred
instrument also bedaub their bodies with clay, for no apparent reason
unless it may be to frighten their enemies or repel intruders. We thus
find still prevailing in our own time among savage races practices which
are perfectly analogous to practices which prevailed among the Greeks.
The reasonable inference, therefore, is not that the bull-roaring and
body-daubing were first used in the rites of a civilized race of Greeks,
and thence transmitted to Africa, Australia and America, but that the
employment of these things by the Greeks was a survival of the time when
the Greeks were in the same savage condition as are the peoples among
whom we find the same things now.
The Greek story of Saturn is familiar to every schoolboy. Saturn, it
will be remembered, wounds and drives away his father, Uranus, because
of his unkindness to himself and his brothers. Afterwards Saturn marries
his sister Rhea, and has several children--Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon
and Zeus--whom he swallowed as they were born, lest they might serve him
as he served Uranus. But Rhea didn't like this, and at the time when
Zeus was born she ran away to a distant place. Saturn followed, and,
asking for the child, was given a stone, which he swallowed without
looking at it. Zeus grew up in security, and in due time gave his father
a dose which made him disgorge, first, the stone (which was placed at
Delphi, where it became an object of public worship), and then the
children, one after another, all living and hearty.
The tale is told in various ways, but these are the main incidents. It
is interpreted by the mythologists to typify, in its first part, the
birth of the world and the elements; and the second part is held by some
|