whom the Pharaohs of the VIth and subsequently of
the XIth dynasty either enlisted into their service or else conquered,
do not seem to have given much trouble to the successors of Amenemhait
I. The Uauaiu and the Mazaiu were more turbulent, and it was necessary
to subdue them in order to assure the tranquillity of the colonists
scattered along the banks of the river from Philo to Korosko. They were
worsted by Amenemhait I. in several encounters.

Usirtasen I. made repeated campaigns against them, the earlier ones
being undertaken in his father's lifetime. Afterwards he pressed on, and
straightway "raised his frontiers" at the rapids of Wady Haifa; and the
country was henceforth the undisputed property of his successors. It was
divided into nomes like Egypt itself; the Egyptian language succeeded in
driving out the native dialects, and the local deities, including Didun,
the principal god, were associated or assimilated with the gods of
Egypt. Khnumu was the favourite deity of the northern nomes, doubtless
because the first colonists were natives of Elephantine, and subjects
of its princes. In the southern nomes, which had been annexed under the
Theban kings and were peopled with Theban immigrants, the worship of
Khnumu was carried on side by side with the worship of Amon, or Amon-Ra,
god of Thebes. In accordance with local affinities, now no longer
intelligible, the other gods also were assigned smaller areas in the new
territory--Thot at Pselcis and Pnubsit, where a gigantic nabk tree was
worshipped, Ra near Derr, and Horus at Miama and Bauka. The Pharaohs
who had civilized the country here received divine honours while still
alive. Usirtasen III. was placed in triads along with Didun, Amon, and
Khnumu; temples were raised to him at Semneh, Shotaui, and Doshkeh;
and the anniversary of a decisive victory which he had gained over the
barbarians was still celebrated on the 21st of Pachons, a thousand years
afterwards, under Thutmosis III. The feudal system spread over the land
lying between the two cataracts, where hereditary barons held their
courts, trained their armies, built their castles, and excavated their
superbly decorated tombs in the mountain-sides. The only difference
between Nubian Egypt and Egypt proper lay in the greater heat and
smaller wealth of the former, where the narrower, less fertile, and
less well-watered land supported a smaller population and yielded less
abundant revenues.

The Pharaoh kept t