according to the fragments of the "Royal Canon of
Turin" (Lepsius, Auswahl der wichtigten Urkunden, pl. v.
col. vii. 1. 2).

** Sovkhotpu Khutouiri, according to the present published
versions of the Turin Papyrus, an identification which led
Lieblein (Recherches sur la Chronologie Egyptienne, pp. 102,
103) and Wiedemann to reject the generally accepted
assumption that this first king of the XIIIth dynasty was
Sovkhotpu Sakhemkhutouiri. Still, the way in which the
monuments of Sovkhotpu Sakhemkhutouiri and his papyri are
intermingled with the monuments of Amenemhait III. at Semneh
and in the Fayum, show that it is difficult to separate him
from this monarch. Moreover, an examination of the original
Turin Papyrus shows that there is a tear before the word
Khutouiri on the first cartouche, no indication of which
appears in the facsimile, but which has, none the less,
slightly damaged the initial solar disk and removed almost
the whole of one sign. We are, therefore, inclined to
believe that _Sakhemkhutouiri_ was written instead of
_Khutouiri_, and that, therefore, all the authorities are in
the right, from their different points of view, and that the
founder of the XIIIth dynasty was a Sakhemkhutouiri I.,
while the Savkhotpu Sakhemkhutouiri, who occupies the
fifteenth place in the dynasty, was a Sakhemkhutouiri II.

[Illustration: 408.jpg THE TOMBS OF PRINCES OF THE GAZELLE-NOME AT
BENI-HASAN]

Drawn by Boudier, from a chromolithograph in Lepsius,
Denkm., i. pl. 61. The first tomb on the left, of which the
portico is shown, is that of Khnumhotpu II.

Was there a revolution in the palace, or a popular rising, or a civil
war? Did the queen become the wife of the new sovereign, and thus bring
about the change without a struggle? Sovkhotpu was probably lord
of Uisit, and the dynasty which he founded is given by the native
historians as of Theban origin. His accession entailed no change in the
Egyptian constitution; it merely consolidated the Theban supremacy, and
gave it a recognized position. Thebes became henceforth the head of
the entire country: doubtless the kings did not at once forsake
Heracleopolis and the Fayum, but they made merely passing visits to
these royal residences at considerable intervals, and after a few
generations even these were given up. Most of these sovereigns reside