or a peninsula.
Plutarch here means the Chersonesus, on the isthmus of which Sinope
was built. Hamilton says that "the peninsula extends about five miles
from east to west and strictly coincides with the description given of
it by Polybius (iv. 50)."]

[Footnote 394: Socius et Amicus: this was the title which the Romans
condescended to give to a king who behaved towards them with due
respect and submission. (Livius, 31, c. 11.)]

[Footnote 395: Lucullus appears to have crossed the Euphrates at a
more northern point than Zeugma, where the river was crossed by
Crassus. Sophene is a district on the east side of the river between
the mountain range called Masius and the range called Antitaurus: the
capital or royal residence was Carcathiocerta. (Strabo, p. 527.)]

[Footnote 396: The great mountain range to which this name was given
by the ancient geographers commences according to Strabo (p. 651) on
the south-east coast of Lycia. The name Taurus was not very exactly
defined, but it comprehended the mountain region which runs eastward
from the point above mentioned in a general parallel direction to the
south coast of Asia Minor; and the name was extended to the high lands
of Armenia east of the Euphrates. Its eastern limit was very vaguely
conceived, as we may collect from Strabo (p. 519).]

[Footnote 397: This is the Greek word which I have sometimes kept.
Plutarch means the soldiers of the Roman legion.]

[Footnote 398: This termination Certa or Cirta is common to many
Asiatic towns (See chapter 21). It is probably the same termination as
in the Persian Parsagarda; and signified town or inclosure. The site
of Tigranocerta is not certain. There appears to be no reason for
identifying it with Sert except the resemblance of name. St. Martin
contends that Amida on the east bank of the Tigris, occupied the site
of Tigranocerta. The modern Diyarbeker is on the west bank of the
Tigris opposite to Amida. (_London Geog. Journal_, viii. 77). Appian
(_Mithridat. War_, c. 84) speaks of the foundation of Tigranocerta.]

[Footnote 399: The Adiabeni occupied a tract that was apparently a
part of the old Assyria on the east side of the Tigris. The element
_diab_ perhaps exists in the Zab, one of the rivers which flow in the
Tigris.]

[Footnote 400: The same name occurs in the Life of Sulla, c. 15. See
Life of Alexander, c. 59, note.]

[Footnote 401: This is the river now generally called the Aras, which
flows into the Caspian o