tiary of Wyoming and Colorado; and
in course of time he made known at least 600 species and many genera of
extinct vertebrata new to science. Among these were some of the oldest
known mammalia, obtained in New Mexico. He served on the U.S. Geological
Survey in 1874 in New Mexico, in 1875 in Montana, and in 1877 in Oregon
and Texas. He was also one of the editors of the _American Naturalist_.
He died in Philadelphia on the 12th of April 1897.

PUBLICATIONS.--Reports for U.S. Geological Survey on _Eocene
Vertebrata of Wyoming_ (1872); on _Vertebrata of Cretaceous Formations
of the West_ (1875); _Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formations of the
West_ (1884); _The Origin of the Fittest: Essays on Evolution_ (New
York, 1887); _The Primary Factors of Organic Evolution_ (Chicago,
1896). Memoir by Miss Helen D. King, _American Geologist_, Jan. 1899
(with portrait and bibliography); also memoir by P. Frazer, _American
Geologist_, Aug. 1900 (with portrait).

COPE, EDWARD MEREDITH (1818-1873), English classical scholar, was born
in Birmingham on the 28th of July 1818. He was educated at Ludlow and
Shrewsbury schools and Trinity College, Cambridge, of which society he
was elected fellow in 1842, having taken his degree in 1841 as senior
classic. He was for many years lecturer at Trinity, his favourite
subjects being the Greek tragedians, Plato and Aristotle. When the
professorship of Greek became vacant, the votes were equally divided
between Cope and B. H. Kennedy, and the latter was appointed by the
chancellor. It is said that the keenness of Cope's disappointment was
partly responsible for the mental affliction by which he was attacked in
1869, and from which he never recovered. He died on the 5th of August
1873. As his published works show, Cope was a thoroughly sound scholar,
with perhaps a tendency to over-minuteness. He was the author of _An
Introduction to Aristotle's Rhetoric_ (1867), a standard work; _The
Rhetoric of Aristotle_, with a commentary, revised and edited by J. E.
Sandys (1877); translations of Plato's _Gorgias_ (2nd ed ., 1884) and
_Phaedo_ (revised by H. Jackson, 1875). Mention may also be made of his
criticism of Grote's account of the Sophists, in the _Cambridge Journal
of Classical Philology_, vols. i., ii., iii. (1854-1857).

The chief authority for the facts of Cope's life is the memoir
prefixed to vol. i. of his edition of _The Rhetoric of Aristotle_.

COPE (M.E. _cape_, _