rlying and essential to both
is the force of individual action and self-help.

Conclusion.

We have now surveyed co-operation in its chief forms and in some of the
countries where it is chiefly found. Some years ago it was roughly
estimated that the members of one or other of its branches numbered six
millions, representing with their families a population of 25,000,000
people. This must be much within the truth to-day. In no other country
so much as in Great Britain do we find the tendency for all branches of
co-operation to federate in one union and to help one another by mutual
trade. Yet everywhere the instinct of co-operative societies is to
federate with others--at least with others of their own particular
shade; so that Wholesales and other federations are found more and more
in many countries. Since 1895 the co-operators and co-operative
societies of many far-distant lands--almost of the whole world--have
been drawn together by the International Co-operative Alliance, a body
which, without attempting to interfere in their differences, collects
information from all, and distributes it to all, keeps them all in
touch, and every few years calls their delegates together in congress,
to discuss their problems, and to remember their common ideals.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--International Co-operative Alliance, _International
Co-operative Bibliography_ (London, 1906); G. J. Holyoake, _History of
Co-operation_ (London, 1875-1879, new ed., 1906), _History of the
Rochdale Pioneers_ (London, 1893, new ed., 1900), _Self-Help a Hundred
Years Ago_ (London, 3rd ed., 1891), _Co-operative Movement of To-day_
(London, 1891, new ed., 1896); Lloyd Jones, _Life and Times and
Labours of Robert Owen_ (London, 1890, new ed., 1895); F. Podmore,
_Robert Owen_ (London, 1906); E. T. Craig, _History of Ralahine_
(London, 1882, new ed., 1893); Thomas Hughes and E. V. Neale, _A
Manual for Co-operators_ (Manchester, 1881, 1888); Catherine Webb
(editor), _Industrial Co-operation_ (Manchester, 1904); Beatrice
Potter (Mrs Sidney Webb), _Co-operative Movement in Great Britain_
(London, 1891, 1893, 1904); A. H. D. Acland and B. Jones, _Working Men
Co-operators_ (1898); Benjamin Jones, _Co-operative Production_
(London, 1894); C. R. Fay, _Co-operation at Home and Abroad_ (London,
1908); H. D. Lloyd, _Labour Co-partnership_ (London and New York,
1898); D. F. Schloss, _Methods of Industrial Remuneration_ (London,
2nd ed