account see the _History of Portrait Miniatures_, by G.
C. Williamson, vol. i. p. 64. (G. C. W.)

COOPER (or COUPER), THOMAS (c. 1517-1594), English bishop and writer,
was born in Oxford, where he was educated at Magdalen College. He became
master of Magdalen College school, and afterwards practised as a
physician in Oxford. His literary career began in 1548, when he
compiled, or rather edited, a Latin dictionary _Bibliotheca Eliotae_,
and in 1549 he published a continuation of Thomas Lanquet's _Chronicle
of the World_. This work, known as _Cooper's Chronicle_, covers the
period from A.D. 17 to the time of writing, and was reprinted in 1560
and 1565. In 1565 appeared the first edition of his greatest work,
_Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae_, and this was followed by
three other editions. Queen Elizabeth was greatly pleased with the
_Thesaurus_, generally known as _Cooper's Dictionary_; and its author,
who had been ordained about 1559, was made dean of Christ Church,
Oxford, in 1567. Two years later he became dean of Gloucester, in 1571
bishop of Lincoln and in 1584 bishop of Winchester. Cooper was a stout
controversialist; he defended the practice and precept of the Church of
England against the Roman Catholics on the one hand and against the
Martin Marprelate writings and the Puritans on the other. He took some
part, the exact extent of which is disputed, in the persecution of
religious recusants in his diocese, and died at Winchester on the 29th
of April 1594.

Cooper's _Admonition against Martin Marprelate_ was reprinted in 1847,
and his _Answer in Defence of the Truth against the Apology of Private
Mass_ in 1850.

COOPER, THOMAS (1759-1840), American educationalist and political
philosopher, was born in London, England, on the 22nd of October 1759,
and educated at Oxford. Threatened with prosecution at home because of
his active sympathy with the French Revolution, he emigrated to America
about 1793, and began the practice of law in Northumberland county,
Pennsylvania. He was president-judge of the Fourth District of
Pennsylvania in 1806-1811. Like his friend Joseph Priestley, who was
then living in Northumberland, he sympathized with the Anti-Federalists,
and took part in the agitation against the Sedition Act, and for a
newspaper attack in 1799 on President John Adams, Cooper was convicted,
fined and imprisoned for libel. Like Priestley, Cooper was very highly
esteemed by Thomas