from becoming arises birth; from birth arise age and
sorrow." One must gradually free himself from the ten
fetters that bind to life, and so do away with the first of
these twelve Nid[=a]nas, ignorance.]

[Footnote 33: _Mah[=a]vagga_, X. 3 (SBE. XVII. 306).]

[Footnote 34 36 1: Compare Kern, the _Lotus_, III. 21, and
Fausboell, _P[=a]r[=a]yana-sutta_, 9 (1131), the "deep and
lovely voice of Buddha." (SBE. XXI. 64, and X. 210.)]

[Footnote 35: As Southern Buddhists are reckoned those of
Ceylon, Burmah, Siam, etc.]

[Footnote 36: As Northern Buddhists are reckoned those of
Nep[=a]l, Tibet, China, Corea, Japan, Java, Sumatra, Annam,
and Cambodia.]

[Footnote 37: "Let your light so shine before the world,
that you, having embraced the religious life according to so
well-taught a doctrine and discipline, may be seen to be
forbearing and mild." (SBE. XVII. 305, David's and
Oldenberg's translation.)]

[Footnote 38: 'Removing pieces from a pile without moving
the remainder' must, we presume, be jackstraws.]

[Footnote 39: For instance, rules for eating, drinking
(liquor), and for bathing. The Buddhist monk, except in
summer, bathed once a fortnight only.]

[Footnote 40: No one is so holy that sin does not hurt him,
according to Buddhistic belief. The Brahman, on the
contrary, was liable to become so holy that he could commit
any sin and it did not affect his virtue, which he stored up
in a heap by cumulative asceticism.]

[Footnote 41: The offering and reception of gifts is always
accompanied with water, both in Buddhistic and Brahmanic
circles. Whether this was a religious act or a legal sign of
surrender we have not been able to discover. Perhaps it
arose simply from water always being offered as refreshment
to a guest (with fruit), as a sign of guest-friendship.]

[Footnote 42: Sakyaputtiya Samanas, _i.e_., Buddhists.]

[Footnote 43: In the case of a monk having carnal connection
with a nun the penalty was instant expulsion(_ib_. 60). The
nuns were subject to the monks and kept strictly in hand,
obliged always to greet the monks first, to go to lessons
once a fortnight, and so forth.]

[Footnote 44: Mah[=a]sudassana, the great King of Glory
whose city is described with its four gates, one of gold,