ut the time of the Christian era.
Compare Koeppen, p. 199.]

[Footnote 67: On the Lamaistic hierarchy and system of
succession see Mayers, JRAS. IV. 284.]

[Footnote 68: For the same reason we do not enter upon the
outer form of Buddhism as expressed in demonology,
snake-worship (JRAS. xii. 286) and symbolism (_ib_. OS.
xiii. 71, 114).]

[Footnote 69: SBE. vol. x, part ii, p. 3.]

[Footnote 70: Dhammapada (Franke, ZDMG. xlvi, 731). In
Sanskrit one has _dharmapatha_ with the same sense. The text
in the main is as translated by Mueller, separately, 1872,
and in SBE., voL x. It was translated by Weber, _Streifen_.
i. 112, in 1860.]

[Footnote 71: That is, they die no more; they are free from
the chain; they enter Nirv[=a]na.]

[Footnote 72: Buddha's words on becoming Buddha.]

[Footnote 73: It is to be observed that transmigration into
animal forms is scarcely recognized by Buddha. He assumes
only men and superior beings as subjects of _Karma_. Compare
Rhys Davids' _Lectures_, pp. 105,107. To the same scholar is
due the statement that he was the first to recognize the
true meaning of Nirv[=a]na, 'extinction (not of soul but) of
lust, anger, and ignorance.' For divisions of Buddhist
literature other than the Tripitaka the same author's
_Hibbert Lectures_ may be consulted (see also Mueller, SBE.
X, Introduction, p. i).]

* * * * *

CHAPTER XIV.

EARLY HINDUISM.

While the great heresies that we have been describing were agitating
the eastern part of India,[1] the old home of Brahmanism in the West
remained true, in name if not in fact, to the ancient faith. But in
reality changes almost as great as those of the formal heresies were
taking place at the core of Brahmanism itself, which, no longer able
to be the religion of a few clans, was now engaged in the gigantic
task of remodelling and assimilating the indigenous beliefs and
religious practices of its new environment. This was not a conscious
act on the part of Brahmanism. At first it was undertaken almost
unwittingly, and it was accomplished later not without repugnance. But
to perform this task was the condition of continued existence.
Brahmanism had to expand, or shrink, wither, and die.

For a thousand years almost the only source of information in regard
to this new growth is contai