ended that the power
granted in the second should be paramount to and destroy that granted in
the first. It shows also that no such formidable power as that suggested
had been granted in the second, or any power against the abuse of which
it was thought necessary specially to provide. Surely if it was deemed
proper to guard a specific power of limited extent and well-known
import against injustice and abuse, it would have been much more so
to have guarded against the abuse of a power of such vast extent and so
indefinite as would have been granted by the second part of the clause
if considered as a distinct and original grant.

With this construction all the other enumerated grants, and, indeed,
all the grants of power contained in the Constitution, have their full
operation and effect. They all stand well together, fulfilling the great
purposes intended by them. Under it we behold a great scheme, consistent
in all its parts, a Government instituted for national purposes, vested
with adequate powers for those purposes, commencing with the most
important of all, that of the revenue, and proceeding in regular order
to the others with which it was deemed proper to endow it, all, too,
drawn with the utmost circumspection and care. How much more consistent
is this construction with the great objects of the institution and with
the high character of the enlightened and patriotic citizens who framed
it, as well as of those who ratified it, than one which subverts every
sound principle and rule of construction and throws everything into
confusion.

I have dwelt thus long on this part of the subject from an earnest
desire to fix in a clear and satisfactory manner the import of the
second part of this grant, well knowing from the generality of the terms
used their tendency to lead into error. I indulge a strong hope that
the view herein presented will not be without effect, but will tend to
satisfy the unprejudiced and impartial that nothing more was granted by
that part than a power to _appropriate_ the public money raised under
the other part. To what extent that power may be carried will be the
next object of inquiry.

It is contended on the one side that as the National Government is
a government of limited powers it has no right to expend money except
in the performance of acts authorized by the other specific grants
according to a strict construction of their powers; that this grant
in neither of its branches gives to Co