the prospects of a long and tedious wake. He cannot
attribute it to any one thing, but thinks that it was probably
superinduced by his use of tobacco while young."

Somnambulism, or, as it has been called, noctambulation, is a curious
phase of nocturnal cerebration analogous to the hypnotic state, or
double consciousness occasionally observed in epileptics. Both
Hippocrates and Aristotle discuss somnambulism, and it is said that the
physician Galen was a victim of this habit. Horstius, ab Heers, and
many others of the older writers recorded interesting examples of this
phenomenon. Schenck remarks on the particular way in which
somnambulists seem to escape injury. Haller, Hoffmann, Gassendi,
Caelius Rhodiginus, Pinel, Hechler, Bohn, Richter,--in fact nearly all
the ancient physiologists and anatomists have written on this subject.
The marvelous manifestations of somnambulism are still among the more
surprising phenomena with which science has to deal. That a person
deeply immersed in thought should walk and talk while apparently
unconscious, excites no surprise, but that anyone should when fast
asleep perform a series of complicated actions which undoubtedly demand
the assistance of the senses is marvelous indeed. Often he will rise in
the night, walk from room to room, go out on porticoes, and in some
cases on steep roofs, where he would not dare to venture while awake.
Frequently he will wander for hours through streets and fields,
returning home and to bed without knowledge of anything having
transpired.

The state of the eyes during somnambulism varies considerably. They
are sometimes closed, sometimes half-closed, and frequently quite open;
the pupil is sometimes widely dilated, sometimes contracted, sometimes
natural, and for the most part insensible to light.

Somnambulism seems to be hereditary. Willis cites an example in which
the father and the children were somnambulists, and in other cases
several individuals in the same family have been afflicted. Horstius
gives a history of three young brothers who became somnambulistic at
the same epoch. A remarkable instance of somnambulism was the case of a
lad of sixteen and a half years who, in an attack of somnambulism, went
to the stable, saddled his horse, asked for his whip, and disputed with
the toll-keeper about his fare, and when he awoke had no recollection
whatever of his acts, having been altogether an hour in his trance.

Marville quotes the case of an