after bites of venomous snakes.
Two of the patients recovered. According to Russ this strange symptom
is sometimes instantaneous and in other instances it only appears after
an interval of several hours. In those who survive the effects of the
venom it lasts for an indefinite period. One man seen by Russ had not
only lost his speech in consequence of the bite of a fer-de-lance
snake, but had become, and still remained, hemiplegic. In the rest of
Russ's cases speech alone was abolished. Russ remarks that the
intelligence was altogether intact, and sensibility and power of motion
were unaffected. One woman who had been thus condemned to silence,
suddenly under the influence of a strong excitement recovered her
speech, but when the emotion passed away speech again left her. Ogle
accounts for this peculiar manifestation of aphasia by supposing that
the poison produces spasm of the middle cerebral arteries, and when the
symptom remains a permanent defect the continuance of the aphasia is
probably due to thrombosis of arteries above the temporary constriction.

Anosmia, or loss of smell, is the most common disorder of olfaction; it
may be caused by cortical lesions, olfactory nerve-changes, congenital
absence, or over-stimulation of the nerves, or it may be a symptom of
hysteria.

Ogle, after mentioning several cases of traumatic anosmia, suggests
that a blow on the occiput is generally the cause. Legg reports a
confirmatory case, but of six cases mentioned by Notta two were caused
by a blow on the crown of the head, and two on the right ear. The
prognosis in traumatic anosmia is generally bad, although there is a
record of a man who fell while working on a wharf, striking his head
and producing anosmia with partial loss of hearing and sight, and who
for several weeks neither smelt nor tasted, but gradually recovered.

Mitchell reports a case of a woman of forty who, after an injury to her
nose from a fall, suffered persistent headache and loss of smell. Two
years later, at bedtime, or on going to sleep, she had a sense of
horrible odors, which were fecal or animal, and most intense in nature.
The case terminated in melancholia, with delirium of persecution,
during which the disturbance of smell passed away.

Anosmia has been noticed in leukoderma and allied disturbances of
pigmentation. Ogle mentions a negro boy in Kentucky whose sense of
smell decreased as the leukoderma extended. Influenza, causing
adhesions of the po