sterior pillars of the fauces, has given rise to
anosmia.

Occasionally overstimulation of the olfactory system may lead to
anosmia. Graves mentions a captain of the yeomanry corps who while
investigating the report that 500 pikes were concealed at the bottom of
a cesspool in one of the city markets superintended the emptying of the
cesspool, at the bottom of which the arms were found. He suffered
greatly from the abominable effluvia, and for thirty-six years
afterward he remained completely deprived of the sense of smell.

In a discussion upon anosmia before the Medico-Chirurgical Association
of London, January 25, 1870, there was an anosmic patient mentioned who
was very fond of the bouquet of moselle, and Carter mentioned that he
knew a man who had lost both the senses of taste and smell, but who
claimed that he enjoyed putrescent meat. Leared spoke of a case in an
epileptic affected with loss of taste and smell, and whose paroxysms
were always preceded by an odor of peach-blossoms.

Hyperosmia is an increase in the perception of smell, which rarely
occurs in persons other than the hysteric and insane. It may be
cultivated as a compensatory process, as in the blind, or those engaged
in particular pursuits, such as tea-tasting. Parosmia is a rare
condition, most often a symptom of hysteria or neurasthenia, in which
everything smells of a similar, peculiar, offensive odor.
Hallucinations of odor are sometimes noticed in the insane. They form
most obstinate cases, when the hallucination gives rise to imaginary
disagreeable, personal odors.

Perversion of the tactile sense, or wrong reference to the sensation of
pain, has occasionally been noticed. The Ephemerides records a case in
which there was the sense of two objects from a single touch on the
hypochondrium. Weir Mitchell remarks that soldiers often misplace the
location of pain after injuries in battle. He also mentions several
cases of wrong reference of the sensation of pain. These instances
cannot be called reflex disturbances, and are most interesting. In one
case the patient felt the pain from a urethral injection in gonorrhea,
on the top of the head. In another an individual let an omnibus-window
fall on his finger, causing but brief pain in the finger, but violent
pains in the face and neck of that side. Mitchell also mentions a
naturalist of distinction who had a small mole on one leg which, if
roughly rubbed or pinched, invariably seemed to cause a sh