a woman pregnant with twins who aborted at five and a half
months. One of the fetuses showed distinct signs of congenital variola,
although the mother and other fetus were free from any symptoms of the
disease. In 1853 Charcot reported the birth of a premature fetus
presenting numerous variolous pustules together with ulcerations of the
derm and mucous membranes and stomach, although the mother had
convalesced of the disease some time before. Mitchell describes a case
of small-pox occurring three days after birth, the mother not having
had the disease since childhood. Shertzer relates an instance of
confluent small-pox in the eighth month of pregnancy. The child was
born with the disease, and both mother and babe recovered. Among many
others offering evidence of variola in utero are Degner, Derham, John
Hunter, Blot, Bulkley, Welch, Wright, Digk, Forbes, Marinus, and
Bouteiller.

Varicella, Measles, Pneumonia, and even Malaria are reported as having
been transmitted to the child in utero. Hubbard attended a woman on
March 17, 1878, in her seventh accouchement. The child showed the rash
of varicella twenty-four hours after birth, and passed through the
regular coarse of chicken-pox of ten days' duration. The mother had no
signs of the disease, but the children all about her were infected.
Ordinarily the period of incubation is from three to four days, with a
premonitory fever of from twenty-four to seventy-two hours' duration,
when the rash appears; this case must therefore have been infected in
utero. Lomer of Hamburg tells of the case of a woman, twenty-two
years, unmarried, pregnant, who had measles in the eighth month, and
who gave birth to an infant with measles. The mother was attacked with
pneumonia on the fifth day of her puerperium, but recovered; the child
died in four weeks of intestinal catarrh. Gautier found measles
transmitted from the mother to the fetus in 6 out of 11 cases, there
being 2 maternal deaths in the 11 cases.

Netter has observed the case of transmission of pneumonia from a mother
to a fetus, and has seen two cases in which the blood from the uterine
vessels of patients with pneumonia contained the pneumococcus. Wallick
collected a number of cases of pneumonia occurring during pregnancy,
showing a fetal mortality of 80 per cent.

Felkin relates two instances of fetal malaria in which the infection
was probably transmitted by the male parent. In one case the father
near term suffered sever