tificial apparatus. He was twenty-seven years old,
and able to write, to thread a needle, pour water out of a bottle, etc.
Cook speaks of a female child born of Indian parents, the fourth birth
of a mother twenty-six years old. The child weighed 5 1/2 pounds; the
circumference of the head was 14 inches and that of the trunk 13
inches. The upper extremities consisted of perfect shoulder joints, but
only 1/4 of each humerus was present. Both sides showed evidences of
amputation, the cicatrix on the right side being 1 inch long and on the
left 1/4 inch long. The right lower limb was merely a fleshy corpuscle
3/4 inch wide and 1/4 inch long; to the posterior edge was attached a
body resembling the little toe of a newly-born infant. On the left side
the limb was represented by a fleshy corpuscle 1 inch long and 1/4 inch
in circumference, resembling the great toe of an infant. There was no
history of shock or injury to the mother. The child presented by the
breech, and by the absence of limbs caused much difficulty in
diagnosis. The three stages of labor were one and one-half hours,
forty-five minutes, and five minutes, respectively. The accompanying
illustration shows the appearance of the limbs at the time of report.

Figure 10 represents a negro boy, the victim of intrauterine
amputation, who learned to utilize his toes for many purposes. The
illustration shows his mode of holding his pen.

There is an instance reported in which a child at full term was born
with an amputated arm, and at the age of seventeen the stump was
scarcely if at all smaller than the other. Blake speaks of a case of
congenital amputation of both the upper extremities. Gillilam a
mentions a case that shows the deleterious influence of even the weight
of a fetal limb resting on a cord or band. His case was that of a
fetus, the product of a miscarriage of traumatic origin; the soft
tissues were almost cut through and the bone denuded by the limb
resting on one of the two umbilical cords, not encircling it, but in a
sling. The cord was deeply imbedded in the tissues.

The coilings of the cord are not limited to compression about the
extremities alone, but may even decapitate the head by being firmly
wrapped several times about the neck. According to Ballantyne, there is
in the treatise De Octimestri Partu, by Hippocrates, a reference to
coiling of the umbilical cord round the neck of the fetus. This coiling
was, indeed, regarded as one of the dange