centa offers a varying degree of obstruction: it allows
copper and lead to pass easily, arsenic with greater difficulty. The
accumulation of toxic substances in the fetus does not follow the same
law as in the adult. They diffuse more widely in the fetus. In the
adult the liver is the chief accumulatory organ. Arsenic, which in the
mother elects to accumulate in the liver, is in the fetus stored up in
the skin; copper accumulates in the fetal liver, central nervous
system, and sometimes in the skin; lead which is found specially in the
maternal liver, but also in the skin, has been observed in the skin,
liver, nervous centers, and elsewhere in the fetus. The frequent
presence of poisons in the fetal skin demonstrates its physiologic
importance. It has probably not a very marked influence on its health.
On the contrary, accumulation in the placenta and nerve centers
explains the pathogenesis of abortion and the birth of dead fetuses
("mortinatatite") Copper and lead did not cause abortion, but mercury
did so in two out of six cases. Arsenic is a powerful abortive agent in
the guinea-pig, probably on account of placental hemorrhages. An
important deduction is that whilst the placenta is frequently and
seriously affected in syphilis, it is also the special seat for the
accumulation of mercury. May this not explain its therapeutic action in
this disease? The marked accumulation of lead in the central nervous
system of the fetus explains the frequency and serious character of
saturnine encephalopathic lesions. The presence of arsenic in the fetal
skin alone gives an explanation of the therapeutic results of the
administration of this substance in skin diseases.

Intrauterine amputations are of interest to the medical man,
particularly those cases in which the accident has happened in early
pregnancy and the child is born with a very satisfactory and clean
stump. Montgomery, in an excellent paper, advances the theory, which is
very plausible, that intrauterine amputations are caused by contraction
of bands or membranes of organized lymph encircling the limb and
producing amputation by the same process of disjunctive atrophy that
the surgeons induce by ligature. Weinlechner speaks of a case in which
a man devoid of all four extremities was exhibited before the Vienna
Medical Society. The amputations were congenital, and on the right side
there was a very small stump of the upper arm remaining, admitting the
attachment of an ar