abulate these virtues and vices; and it proves convenient, also, to
adopt a fixed nomenclature. It is unfortunate that the terms must be
drawn from common speech; for it is impossible that the meaning
assigned to them in the course of a methodical analysis like the
present, should exactly coincide with that which they have acquired in
their looser application to daily life. But I shall endeavor always to
make plain the sense in which I use them; and, thus guarded, they will
serve to mark out a series of special topics which it is important
briefly to review.

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ECONOMY VIRTUE VALUE NEGATIVE FORMALISM MATERIALISM
VICE

Simple Intelli- Satis- Incapacity ------ Over-
Interest gence faction indulgence

Recipro- Prudence Health Imprudence Ascet- Sordidness
city of icism
Interests

Incorpor- Purpose Achieve- Aimless- Sentiment- Bigotry
ation of ment ness alism Egoism
Interests

Fraternity Justice Rational Injustice Anarchism Worldliness
of Inter-
Interests course

Universal Good-Will Religion Irreverence Mysticism ------
System of
Interests

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II

We have already had occasion to remark that no moral value attaches to
the successes and failures of the isolated or _simple interest_. Thus
it is customary not to apply judgments of approval or condemnation to
the vicissitudes of animal life. So wholesale a generalization is
undoubtedly false; but at any rate it is based on the supposition that
the motive in animal life is always simple. And similarly, whenever
human action is regarded only with reference to the impulse it
immediately serves, it is judged to be successful or futile, but never
right or wrong. These properties are reserved for such action as is
controlled, or is capable of being controlled, with reference both to
an immediate and also an ulterior interest. But since the difference
between goodness in the wider generic sense and goodness in the moral
sense is one of complexity, it is proper and illuminating to bring them
into one orderly progression.

The _root-value_, then, of which all the higher moral values are
compounded, is the fulfilment or satisfaction of the particular
interest. This fundamental