dges, the
interstices from 4 to 5 feet deep, holding water or ice. I saw from the
summit a flock of the large grouse, and at 14,000 feet, a large hare.

The peak surmounted is the lowest, and the nearest to Upper Kaloo. The
granite on the west side formed a precipitous cliff of 200 to 300 feet
deep.

The vegetation of the slope with small fragments, say between 14 to
15,000 feet was very scanty, a Cheiranthus, Polygonum scariosum,
Papaveraceae, Phloxoides and Statice, being the only plants; and perhaps
this may be assumed as having no particular plant, all those enumerated
being found below.

The vegetation of the steep rugged portion, which contained many patches
of snow and better soil, was more varied; in the upper parts of this a
Carex, two or three Graminae, Cheiranthus, Plectranthus, Sedoides,
Arenaria, Potentilla, Primula, Draboides and Brassicacea occurred. A
Tanacetoid was perhaps the most common.

The most alpine forms of these were Carex, Holcoides, Sedoides, Statice
densissima, and Papaveracea; but of these Papaveracea, Phloxoid, Statice
densissima, Cheiranthus, and Polygonum are alone found above. Here again
the effect of the proximity of a bed of snow in retarding vegetation was
most evident. Phloxoides elsewhere partly in flower, being found in full
flower near one of the beds of snow.

It is curious that no green spots are found above, all the water passing
down under the soil, the swardy ravines scarcely extend beyond an
elevation of 1,500 feet above the camp on Upper Kaloo.

The limit of the grey shrubby Salix may be taken as 1,000 feet above
that, the other plants are precisely the same as those of other swards;
Abelia extends higher than Salix.

The limit of crops is about the same, the issue of the water obviously
being in relation to the extent of cultivation by irrigation. The
associated plants present no change.

_23rd_.--Cabul. Curious transformation in Carthamus was observed, either
affecting the involucrum alone, when those branches that would have
become flowers become clavate, covered with very dense aristate leaves,
or affecting the florets which become more or less converted in the
branches. In these the involucre is little altered, and the receptacle
is attacked by larva. In certain of these the florets are submitted to
very curious metamorphoses, each envelope remaining, but quite green, the
stamina being little changed, the pistillum changed into a leaf-bearing
branch