no made road along the Gumbur,
and I missed or did not observe the Soorog river. The Gumbur is a clear,
good-sized stream, fordable about the rapids, bed narrow confined.

The hills traversed were comparatively barren, and decidedly
uninteresting. However much in appearance they may here and there
assimilate to the Khorassan hills, no identity in vegetation exists
except perhaps in the Apocynum found at Attock.

The country is cultivated with great labour, and the villages though
small are numerous, and present a look of plenty, like English
white-washed cottages.

There is a difference between the vegetation of the hills near the plains
and those in the interior. On the former there are scarcely any trees,
and Adhatoda occurs in greater profusion than elsewhere. The Himalayan
provinces here present an extreme affinity with the same range to the
eastward, as Bootan and Mussoorie, but the forms are by no means so
frequent--i.e. species are not so numerous. Throughout the above twenty-
eight miles the vegetation is tropical: a few European forms occur as one
gets into the hills, but they are of no great value. The chief arboreous
vegetation consists of Rubiaceae, Mimoseae, Cassiaceae (_Bauhinia_),
Bignoniaceae, and Myrtaceae. These are much the most common between
Ramgurh and the ridge over Naligurh. Here also Nyctanthes is very
common; Zanthoxylon also occurs here and there like an Ash.

On the ridge above Ramgurh, Adhatoda is very common; Carandas likewise
occurs, but is not very common; Eranthemoides is rather common, but this
occurs in profusion on the descent; Cassia tora, O. lanceolata, and
Peristrophe occur.

On the descent from the above ridge, Porana appears. Lemon-grass,
Bambusifolia, Cryptogramae calamelanos, Adiantum flagelliformis.

On the long ascent Grislea, Acacia, Bheir, Zanthoxylon, Cordia,
Nyctanthes, Myrtaceae 1-2, Wendlandia, Bignonia, Randia, and two or three
other trees about houses, a species of Ficus; Euphorbia antiquorum common
on the drier parts.

On the ascent from the torrent, the vegetation is thick. Bauhinia
scandens, Carandas, Butea, Erythrina, neither common, others as before:
Loranthus.

At Ramgurh, Peepul, Erythrina, Rhus planted; Euphorbia antiquorum very
common, Cassia tora, C. lanceolata, Carandas common, Kalanchoe
integrifolia, Adhatoda not rare, scarcely a single wild tree.

Scutellaria occurs on the descent. Rubus, Berberis, Gnaphalium. On the
ascent from Sur