from a main
ridge, the passes of which, although apparently the same height as the
peak surmounted, are much more heavily covered with snow. These passes
do not appear very difficult.

At 2 P.M. set up the barometer on the ridge, the mercury stood 17.354.
Therm. in cistern, 79.5. Detached Therm. in sun 85 degrees--on the
ground 105 degrees.

_September 2nd_.--At 2.5 P.M. the barometer stood 17.356.

Assuming this to give about 15,000 feet, none of the peaks will be found
to be higher than 16,500. The culminating point was close by, and did
not appear more than 1,000 feet above me. The different ridges are
separated by deep spaces in which snow lies to a considerable extent.

Having descended a considerable way I again set up the barometer. Time 4-
45 P.M.

The mercury stood at 18.889.

Therm. in the Cistern. 63 degrees
Ditto in the air. 68 degrees

The vegetation continues unaltered, the same as that of Kaloo kotul.

Carduaceae, Astragali, Nardoid, Bromoid, Hordeoid pubescens, and
Statices. And up to this, which may be assumed as 13,500 feet, the hills
present the same features, rounded with a good deal of soil, and large
granitic masses.

But above this the disintegration of the ridge has reached a great
extent; for 1,500 to 2,000 feet the ascent is steep, passing over a
profusion of blocks and slabs of granite, generally externally of a dark
brown colour; here and there there is some coarse granular soil, and
towards the second station, say at an altitude of 14,000 feet, a marshy
spot occurred, crowded with Primula, together with Arenaria, Fumaria of
Erak, Ranunculus of Hajeeguk, Carex, etc. From within 1,000 feet of the
summit the ascent was easier, over ground composed entirely of small
angular bits of granite, which rock protrudes to the north, forming the
south wall of a huge amphitheatre, heavily snowed in places.

This granite varies much; being below a coarse quartzose grey rock, above
a very compact brown rock, except perhaps in its lowest outcrop, where it
has a slaty structure.

The second station may be assumed as the lowest limit of the inferior
snow line, but this so much depends on casual circumstances that even
many places at 15,000 feet are uncovered by snow, which as might be
expected is always heaviest in the higher valleys which are least exposed
to the sun's rays. The surface of the snow in many places was
picturesque, being in the shape of crowded pinnacled ri