ints between the
Indus and Irrawadi consist in defiles and the want of branches for a long
way above their mouths. Jackdaws were the first old acquaintances I met
with on entering Peshawur; and the common kite, the Affghan one not
having the same thrilling cry that the Indian one has; grey partridges
are found about Nowshera; as also Kuchaloo or Yams.

_19th_.--Proceeded over the plain to Chuch and Khot-bha, winding along
the Attock hill round to the fort, and passing the Serai, and another
smaller one in ruins near the plains, thence over level ground to within
two miles of Bhowli, where conspicuous trees were observed, otherwise the
plain is rather barren, a few _Bheirs_ and some Phoenix only occurring
about villages on hills. The vegetation is the same. Chuch plain, where
not cultivated, is covered with short coarse grasses, Andropogoneae.
Among these a large-leaved Salvia occurs. The forms presented by the
vegetation are however very little diversified. Mudar, a small-fruited
Kochia, like that of Jallalabad; Boerhaavia very common.

Cultivation is conducted in _Bheir_ fences, and consists of Indian-corn,
_Bajra_, and cotton.

From the Attock hills, the Indus is seen much divided by beds of sand,
and churs or islands covered with a large purple Saccharum. Peganum
continues to Attock and even extends beyond.

Water plants of Chuch, Trapa, Valisneria verticillata, and Nymphaea.

Shumshbad.--This town lies to the left of the road, one mile in the rear
of my encampment.

The spines of Barleria are evidently axillary, as is seen in young
branches, probably they represent the lower pair of leaves of the lateral
branches, the terminal parts of which have a tendency to develop.

The spines of Mimosa belong evidently to the same exertion as the leaf;
they are connate at the base, and from the centre of this hardened part,
arises the leaf; they may be either the lower pinnae, or they may be
_spurious_ stipulae. The leaves developed within the true ones belong to
an ill-developed branch. True stipulae are leaves with a distinct
origin. Spurious stipulae belong to their leaves, as is evident from
their not having a distinct origin.

_20th_.--Hussun Abdul. Until we came near the Boorhan valley, the road
passed over a high, dry, sandy plain, with no cultivation, and no water,
then the descent took place through picturesque raviny ground with a few
isolated mounds, to a fine clear stream. The remaining part exten