part payment of the cost of Irish Police
from Imperial funds.

[138] Return No. 220.

[139] See p. 234.

[140] See p. 234.

[141] I need scarcely point out that the newly-created Provinces of the
Dominion of Canada are exceptions to this rule. But there is no analogy
with Ireland. Such Provinces are carved out of newly settled public
territory and given local government.

[142] See pp. 244-245, and 277-278.

[143] Until two years ago even the remaining one-fourth, added to other
small items of Commonwealth revenue, was too large for the expenditure,
and a part of it was returned annually to the States.

[144] The other principal source of revenue is from Posts, but that is
almost exactly balanced by expenditure, so that it barely affects the
amount of the repayment to the States.

[145] These figures are taken from the Official Year-Book of the
Commonwealth of Australia, No. 3, 1901-1909.

[146] It must be understood that the law requiring three-quarters of the
Commonwealth revenue from Customs and Excise to be returned to the
States does not imply that each State should have three-quarters of its
contribution returned, but that the total amount returned should be at
least three-quarters.

[147] See p. 244.

[148] Except perhaps in the case of Canada.

[149] The Author is indebted, here and elsewhere, to papers by Messrs.
C.R. Buxton, P. MacDermot, and R.C. Phillimore, in "Home Rule Problems."

[150] By Clause 5 the following sums were allocated to the Irish Council
for five years: (1) L3,750,000 for the maintenance of eight Government
Departments; (2) L300,000 for public works; (3) L114,000 supplemental.

[151] See p. 299. Under the Act of 1867, No. 2 was earmarked for this
purpose.

CHAPTER XIV

LAND PURCHASE FINANCE[152]

I. LAND PURCHASE LOANS.

The data of the land problem are as follows:

The superficial area of Ireland is 20,350,725 acres, and in 1909 it was
utilized as follows:[153]

Acres. Percentage.

Area under tillage, hay and fruit 4,582,697 22.5
Area under pasture 9,997,445
61.6
Grazed mountain land 2,548,569
Woods, etc. 301,444 1.5

Bog, barren mountain, water,
roads, townlands, etc. 2,925,570 14.4

Total 20,350,725 100.0