nately large, representation in the Federal Upper Chamber,
and Federal Upper Chambers can reject Money Bills. The Upper Chamber in
Ireland's case would be the House of Lords, where she could scarcely be
given effective representation, and which, in any case, cannot reject
Money Bills.

Let us now examine Ireland's claim for fiscal autonomy.

FOOTNOTES:

[73] See p. 140.

[74] The Bill set up a Council of eighty-two elected and twenty-four
nominated members, with the Under-Secretary as an _ex-officio_ member.
So far it resembled the abortive Transvaal Constitution of 1905 (see p.
130), but the Irish Council was only to be given control of certain
specified Departments, and was financed by a fixed Imperial grant. It
was to have no power of legislation or taxation, and was under the
complete control of the Lord-Lieutenant.

[75] This arrangement, which is peculiar to the Canadian Federation, is
regarded by some authorities as a somewhat serious infraction of the
Federal principle, since it seems to imply executive control of the
Province by the central Government. The Governors of the States in the
Australian Federation are appointed by the Home Government.

[76] The Judicial Committee has ruled "that the relation between the
Crown and the Provinces is the same as that between the Crown and
Dominion in respect of such powers, executive and legislative, as are
vested in them respectively." (Maritime Bank of Canada _v._
Receiver-General of New Brunswick, 1892).

[77] They are governed by Executive Committees, the members of which
need not be members of the Councils.

[78] In writing upon this subject, I am indebted to an able paper by Mr.
Basil Williams, which is to be found in "Home Rule Problems."

[79] "Life of Parnell," R. Barry O'Brien, pp. 149 and 139-141.

[80] _E.g._, in 1893, on Clause I. of the Home Rule Bill (Hansard, p.
490): "The Irish minority were willing to be treated on the footing of a
Colony, but they protested against a supremacy which would enable the
honourable gentleman who formed the Irish Government to appeal to the
Imperial Parliament for the assistance of the Army and Navy to compel
the Irish minority to obey their behests."

[81] Cd. 5741, 1911. Some of the subjects discussed were Commercial
Relations and Shipping, Navigation Law, Labour Exchanges, Uniformity in
Copyright, etc., Emigration, Naturalization, Compensation for Accidents,
etc.

[82] I am summarizing facts fully narrated