catoribus, quod statim vendant. Nihil
enim proficiunt, nisi admodum mentiantur."

[80] De Off., lib. i., ca. xlii.: "Primum improbantur ii
quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt: ut portitorum
ut f[oe]neratorum." The Portitores were inferior
collectors of certain dues, stationed at seaports, who
are supposed to have been extremely vexatious in their
dealings with the public.

[81] Philipp., 11-16.

[82] Let any who doubt this statement refer to the fate
of the inhabitants of Alesia and Uxellodunum. Caesar did
not slay or torture for the sake of cruelty, but was
never deterred by humanity when expediency seemed to him
to require victims. Men and women, old and young, many
or few, they were sacrificed without remorse if his
purpose required it.

[83] Pro Pub. Quintio, ca. xxv.

[84] See Appendix B, Brutus, ca. xcii., xciii.

[85] Brutus, ca. xciii.: "Animos hominum ad me dicendi
novitate converteram."

[86] It must be remembered that this advice was actually
given when Cicero subsequently became a candidate for
the Consulship, but it is mentioned here as showing the
manner in which were sought the great offices of State.

[87] Cicero speaks of Sicily as divided into two
provinces, "Quaestores utriusque provinciae." There was,
however, but one Praetor or Proconsul. But the island
had been taken by the Romans at two different times.
Lilybaeum and the west was obtained from the
Carthaginians at the end of the first Punic war,
whereas, Syracuse was conquered by Marcellus and
occupied during the second Punic war.

[88] Tacitus, Ann., lib. xi., ca. xxii.: "Post, lege
Sullae, viginti creati supplendo senatui, cui judicia
tradiderat."

[89] De Legibus, iii., xii.

[90] Pro P. Sexto, lxv.

[91] Pro Cluentio, lvi.

[92] Contra Verrem, Act. iv., ca. xi.: "Ecquae civitas
est, non modo in provinciis nostris, verum etiam in
ultimis nationibus, aut tam potens, aut tam libera, aut
etiam am immanis ac barbara; rex denique ecquis est, qui
senatorem populi Romani tecto ac domo non invitet?"

[93] Contra Verrem, Act. i., ca. xiii.: "Omnia non modo
commemorabuntur, sed etiam, expositis certis rebus,
agentur, quae inter decem annos, posteaquam judicia ad
senatum translata sunt, in rebus judicandis nefarie
flagitioseque facta sunt."