om included
all Roman Africa, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, and the
fortress of Lilybaeum in Sicily.

IV. THE BURGUNDIANS, FRANKS, AND SAXONS

*The Burgundian invasion of Gaul.* The invasion of Gaul by the Vandals and
Alans in 406 A. D. was followed by an inroad of the Burgundians, Ripuarian
Franks and Alemanni. The two latter peoples established themselves on the
left bank of the Rhine, while the Burgundians penetrated further south. In
433 the Burgundians were at war with the empire and were defeated by
Aetius, the Roman master of the soldiers in Gaul. Subsequently they were
settled in the Savoy. Thence, about 457, they began to expand until they
occupied the whole valley of the Rhone as far south as the Durance.

Yet on the whole they remained loyal _foederati_ of the empire. They
fought under Aetius against Attila in 451, and their kings bore the Roman
title of _magister militum_ until the reign of Gundobad (473-516), who was
given the rank of patrician by the emperor Olybrius.

*The Salian Franks.* The Salian Franks, as those who had once dwelt on the
shores of the North Sea were called in contrast to the Ripuarians, whose
home was on the banks of the Rhine, crossed the lower Rhine before the
middle of the fourth century and occupied Toxandria, the region between
the Meuse and the Scheldt. They were defeated by Julian who, however, left
them in possession of this district as Roman _foederati_. The disturbances
of the early fifth century enabled the Salian Franks to assert their
independence of Roman suzerainty, and to extend their territory as far
south as the Somme. Still, they fought as Roman allies against the Huns in
451 A. D., and their king Childeric, who began to rule shortly afterwards,
remained a faithful _foederatus_ of Rome until his death in 481 A. D.

In 486 A. D. Clovis, the successor of Childeric, overthrew the Gallo-Roman
state to the south of the Somme and extended his kingdom to meet the
Visigoths on the Loire. Thus the whole of Gaul passed under the rule of
Germanic peoples.

*The Saxons in Britain.* After the decisive defeat of the Picts and Scots
by Theodosius, the father of Theodosius the Great, in 368 and 369 A. D.,
the Romans were able to maintain the defence of Britain until the close of
the fourth century. But in 402 Stilicho was obliged to recall part of the
garrison of the island for the protection of Italy, and in 406
Constantine, who had laid clai