Metchnikoff, and Chamberland all had the privilege of sharing Pasteur's
labors during the later years of the master's life, and each of them is
a worthy follower of the beloved leader and at the same time a brilliant
original investigator.*1* Roux is known everywhere in connection with
the serum treatment of diphtheria, which he was so largely instrumental
in developing. Grancher directs the anti-rabic department and allied
fields. Metchnikoff, a Russian by birth and Parisian by adoption, is
famous as the author of the theory that the white blood-corpuscles of
the blood are the efficient agents in combating bacteria. Chamberland
directs the field of practical bacteriology in its applications to
hygiene, including the department in which protective serums are
developed for the prevention of various diseases of domesticated
animals, notably swine fever and anthrax. About one million sheep and
half as many cattle are annually given immunity from anthrax by the
serum here produced.

Of the patient and unremitting toil demanded of the investigator in
this realm of the infinitely little; of the skill in manipulation, the
fertility of resource, the scrupulous exactness of experiment that
are absolutely prerequisite to success; of the dangers that attend
investigations which deal with noxious germs, every one who knows
anything of the subject has some conception, but those alone can have
full comprehension who have themselves attempted to follow the devious
and delicate pathways of bacteriology. But the goals to which these
pathways lead have a tangibility that give them a vital interest for all
the world. The hopes and expectations of bacteriology halt at nothing
short of the ultimate extirpation of contagious diseases. The way to
that goal is long and hard, yet in time it will be made passable. And
in our generation there is no company of men who are doing more
towards that end than the staff of that most famous of bacteriological
laboratories the Pasteur Institute.

THE VIRCHOW INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY

Even were the contagious diseases well in hand, there would still
remain a sufficient coterie of maladies whose origin is not due to the
influence of living germs. There are, for example, many diseases of the
digestive, nutritive, and excretory systems, of the heart and arteries,
of the brain and nerves, and various less clearly localized abnormal
conditions, that owe their origin to inherent defects of the
organism, or t