the attention of working biologists. Thus the evolutionist,
secure as is his general position, is yet in doubt when it comes to
tracing the exact lineage of various forms. He does not know, for
example, exactly which order of invertebrates contains the type from
which vertebrates sprang, though several hotly contested opinions,
each exclusive of the rest, are in the field. Again, there is like
uncertainty and difference of opinion as to just which order of lower
vertebrates formed the direct ancestry of the mammals. Among the mammals
themselves there are several orders, such as the whales, the elephants,
and even man himself, whose exact lines of more immediate ancestry are
not as fully revealed by present paleontology as is to be desired.

THE NEW SCIENCE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

All these, however, are details that hardly take rank with the general
problems that we are noticing. There are other questions, however,
concerning the history and present evolution of man himself that are
of wider scope, or at least seemingly greater importance from a human
stand-point, which within recent decades have come for the first time
within the scope of truly inductive science. These are the problems of
anthropology--a science of such wide scope, such far-reaching collateral
implications, that as yet its specific field and functions are not as
clearly defined or as generally recognized as they are probably destined
to be in the near future. The province of this new science is
to correlate the discoveries of a wide range of collateral
sciences--paleontology, biology, medicine, and so on--from the point
of view of human history and human welfare. To this end all observable
races of men are studied as to their physical characteristics, their
mental and moral traits, their manners, customs, languages, and
religions. A mass of data is already at hand, and in process of sorting
and correlating. Out of this effort will probably come all manner of
useful generalizations, perhaps in time bringing sociology, or the study
of human social relations, to the rank of a veritable science. But great
as is the promise of anthropology, it can hardly be denied that the
broader questions with which it has to deal--questions of race, of
government, of social evolution--are still this side the fixed plane
of assured generalization. No small part of its interest and importance
depends upon the fact that the great problems that engage it are as yet
unsolved pro