since the implosion of the USSR in
December 1991.

GDP: purchasing power parity-$692 billion (1997 est.)

GDP-real growth rate: 0.4% (1997 est.)

GDP-per capita: purchasing power parity-$4,700 (1997 est.)

GDP-composition by sector:
agriculture: 7%
industry: 39%
services: 54% (1996)

Inflation rate-consumer price index: 11% (1997 est.)

Labor force:
total: 66 million (1997)
by occupation: NA

Unemployment rate: 9% (1997 est.) with considerable additional
underemployment

Budget:
revenues: $59 billion
expenditures: $70 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997
est.)

Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries
producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine
building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space
vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment;
communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and
construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting
equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables,
textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts

Industrial production growth rate: 1.9% (1997 est.)

Electricity-capacity: 214.687 million kW (1995)

Electricity-production: 834 billion kWh (1997)

Electricity-consumption per capita: 5,508 kWh (1995)

Agriculture-products: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables,
fruits (because of its northern location does not grow citrus, cotton,
tea, and other warm climate products); meat, milk

Exports:
total value: $86.7 billion (1997)
commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and
wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and
military manufactures
partners: Europe, North America, Japan, Third World countries

Imports:
total value: $66.9 billion (1997)
commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat,
grain, sugar, semifinished metal products
partners: Europe, North America, Japan, Third World countries

Debt-external: $135 billion (yearend 1996)

Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $15 billion drawn (1990-97)
note: US commitments, including Ex-Im, $15 billion (1990-96); other
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1990-96), $125 billion

Currency: 1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks

Exchange rates: rubles per US$1-5,941 (December 1997), 5,785 (1997),
5,121 (1996), 4,559 (1995), 2,191 (1994), 992 (1993)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications

Telephones: 25.4 m