guides serving the Russian River Fleet 95,900 km;
routes with night navigational aids 60,400 km; man-made navigable
routes 16,900 km (1 January 1994)

Pipelines: crude oil 48,000 km; petroleum products 15,000 km; natural
gas 140,000 km (30 June 1993)

Ports and harbors: Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Kaliningrad, Kazan',
Khabarovsk, Kholmsk, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nakhodka,
Nevel'sk, Novorossiysk, Petropavlovsk, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Sochi,
Tuapse, Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostochnyy, Vyborg

Merchant marine:
total: 540 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,531,937 GRT/6,253,940
DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 18, cargo 291, combination bulk
21, combination ore/oil 12, container 24, multifunction large-load
carrier 2, oil tanker 107, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 4,
refrigerated cargo 20, roll-on/roll-off cargo 28, short-sea passenger
9, specialized tanker 1
note: Russia owns an additional 176 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
3,240,776 DWT operating under the registries of The Bahamas, Cambodia,
Cyprus, Honduras, Liberia, Malta, Panama, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, and Singapore (1997 est.)

Airports: 2,517 (1994 est.)

Airports-with paved runways:
total: 630
over 3,047 m: 54
2,438 to 3,047 m: 202
1,524 to 2,437 m: 108
914 to 1,523 m: 115
under 914 m: 151 (1994 est.)

Airports-with unpaved runways:
total: 1,887
over 3,047 m: 25
2,438 to 3,047 m: 45
1,524 to 2,437 m: 134
914 to 1,523 m: 291
under 914 m: 1,392 (1994 est.)

@Russia:Military

Military branches: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Forces, Air Defense
Forces, Strategic Rocket Forces
note: the air force and air defense force are to merge in mid-1998

Military manpower-military age: 18 years of age

Military manpower-availability:
males age 15-49: 38,585,841 (1998 est.)

Military manpower-fit for military service:
males: 30,098,346 (1998 est.)

Military manpower-reaching military age annually:
males: 1,128,416 (1998 est.)

Military expenditures-dollar figure: $NA
note: the Intelligence Community estimates that defense spending in
Russia fell by about 10% in real terms in 1996, reducing Russian
defense outlays to about one-sixth of peak Soviet levels in the late
1980s (1997 est.)

Military expenditures-percent of GDP: NA%

@Russia:Transnational Issues

Disputes-international: two disputed sections of the boundary with
China remain to be settled; islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and
Shikotan and the Habomai group occupied