t iv, pp. 132, 135, 138.]

[Footnote 476: L. Jarry, _Le compte de l'armee anglaise_, pp. 26, 27.]

[Footnote 477: Monstrelet, vol. iv, p. 294. Stevenson, _Letters and
Papers_, p. lxii.]

[Footnote 478: Boucher de Molandon and A. de Beaucorps, _L'armee
anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d'Arc sous les murs d'Orleans_, Orleans,
1892, in 8vo, p. 61. L. Jarry, _loc. cit._]

Between la Beauce and la Sologne, at the entrance to the loyal
provinces Touraine, Blesois, and Berry, the ducal city confronted the
enemy, lying on a bend of the Loire, just as the arrow's point is
lodged on the taut bow.[479] Bishopric, university, market of the
country far and wide, on its belfries, towers, and steeples it raised
proudly towards heaven the cross of Our Lord, the three _coeurs de
lis_ of the city and the three _fleurs de lis_ of the dukes. Beneath
the high slate roofs of its houses of stone or wood, built along
winding streets or dark alleys, Orleans sheltered fifteen thousand
souls. There were to be found officers of justice and of the treasury,
goldsmiths, druggists, grocers, tanners, butchers, fishmongers, rich
citizens as delicate as amber, who loved fine clothes, fine houses,
music and dancing; priests, canons, wardens, and fellows of the
university; booksellers, scriveners, illuminators, painters, scholars
who were not all founts of learning, but who played prettily on the
flute; monks of every habit, Black-friars, Grey-friars, Mathurins,
Carmelites, Augustinians, and artisans and labourers to boot, smiths,
coopers, carpenters, boatmen, fishermen.[480]

[Footnote 479: Le Maire, _Antiquites_, p. 29.]

[Footnote 480: Astesan in _Paris et ses historiens_, by Le Roux de
Lincy and Tisserand, pp. 528 _et seq._ Le Maire, _Antiquites_, ch.
xix, pp. 75 _et seq._ P. Mantellier, _Histoire du siege d'Orleans_, in
18mo, pp. 22, 24. E. Fournier, _Le Conteur orleanais_, p. 111. C.
Cuissard, _Etude sur la musique dans l'Orleanais_, Orleans, 1886, p.
50. Jodocius Sincere, _Itirerarium Galliae_, Amstelodami, 1655, pp.
24, 25. Paul Charpentier et Cuissard, _Histoire du siege d'Orleans,
memoire inedite de M. l'Abbe Dubois_, Orleans, 1894, in 8vo, p. 129.
De Buzonniere, _Histoire architecturale de la ville d'Orleans_, 1849
(2 vols. in 8vo), vol. i, p. 76.]

Of Roman origin, the form of the town was still the same as in the
days of the Emperor Aurelian. The southern side along the Loire and
the northern side extended to some three thousand feet. The