the States, had secured in fourteen
others the right for their women to vote for Presidential electors.
The Federal Amendment was a certainty of a not distant future but
there was yet a great deal of work to do.

In carrying on this work, while the two organizations followed similar
lines in many respects there were some marked differences. The
National Association was strictly non-partisan, made no distinction of
parties, and followed only constitutional methods. The Congressional
Union held the majority party in Congress wholly responsible for the
success or failure of the Federal Amendment and undertook to prevent
the re-election of its members. In the Congressional elections of 1914
its representatives toured the States where women could vote and urged
them to defeat all Democratic candidates regardless of their attitude
toward woman suffrage. This policy was followed in subsequent
campaigns.

In 1915 the Union held a convention in San Francisco during the
Panama-Pacific Exposition and sent envoys across the country with a
petition to President Wilson and Congress collected at its
headquarters during the exposition. In 1916 it held a three days'
convention in Chicago during the National Republican convention and at
this time organized the National Woman's Party with the Federal
Suffrage Amendment as the only plank in its platform and a Campaign
Committee was formed with Miss Anne Martin of Nevada as chairman. At a
meeting in Washington in March, 1917, the name Congressional Union was
officially changed to National Woman's Party and Miss Paul was elected
chairman.

On Jan. 10, 1917, the Union began the "picketing" of the White House,
delegations of women with banners standing at the gates all day "as a
perpetual reminder to President Wilson that they held him responsible
for their disfranchisement." They stood there unmolested for three
months and then the United States entered the war. Conditions were no
longer normal, feeling was intense and there were protests from all
parts of the country against this demonstration in front of the home
of the President. In June the police began arresting them for
"obstructing the traffic" and during the next six months over 200 were
arrested representing many States. They refused to pay their fines in
the police court and were sent to the jail and workhouse for from
three days to seven months. These were unsanitary, they were roughly
treated, "hunger strikes" and forcible fe